대학생의 스트레스 대처 패턴과 심리적응적 특징 = Stress coping pattern and psychological Adjustment in College Student

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined individual differences in stress coping patterns composed by basic coping dimensions: Problem-solving action and thought(P), Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance(C), Seeking social support and emotion expression(S), and Avoidance(A), and implication in psychological adjustment. The combination of the four coping variables drawn from 310 college students formed four clusters. The ‘Approaching-problem solving’ group with high P and C, ‘Approaching-seeking support’ group with high S and P, ‘Avoidance coping’ group with salient A and below average P, and ‘Passive coping’ group with below average coping profile in all dimensions. Group difference in Stress level was not significant, and Approaching-problem solving group perceived higher control on stress situation compared to Avoidance coping group. In comparison, Approaching-problem solving group was most adaptive and Avoidance coping group was least adaptive in all psychological health index. Approaching-seeking support group show high subjective wellbeing and self esteem, and Passive coping group show low subjective wellbeing and self esteem. Combined use of problem focused coping strategies and emotion focused coping strategies, interaction of problem focused coping and cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, synchronous use of social support, and implication of Passive coping group was discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

스트레스 사건에 대한 대처의 주요 차원들인 문제해결적 행동 및 사고, 인지적 재해석 및 수용, 사회적지지 추구 및 정서 표현, 그리고 회피가 조합되면서 어떤 군집들이 형성되는지, 그리고 이러한 대처 유형의 개인차가 심리적 적응과 어떤 관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 310명 참가자는 군집분석을 통하여 4개 집단으로 분류되었다. 스트레스 상황에서 문제해결적 행동 및 사고와 인지적 재해석 및 수용이 모두 현저히 높은 ‘접근적 문제해결’ 집단, 사회적 지지추구 및 정서표현을 많이 하며 문제해결적 행동 및 사고 경향이 있는 ‘접근적 지지추구’ 집단, 회피적 대처를 현저히 많이 사용하는 반면 문제해결적 행동과 사고는 평균 이하인 ‘회피적 대처’ 집단, 그리고 네 가지 대처양식 모두 평균 이하로 사용하며 특히 사회적지지 추구 및 정서표현이 적은 ‘소극적 대처’ 집단이 구분되었다. 4개 군집들은 지각된 스트레스 수준에는 유의한 차이가 없으나, 지각된 통제감은 적극적 문제해결 집단이 회피적 대처 집단보다 유의하게 높았다. 심리적 적응 면에서, 접근적 문제해결 집단은 다른 집단들에 비해 유의하게 적응적인 양상을 나타낸 반면 회피적 대처 집단은 모든 적응 지표에서 가장 부적응적인 상태를 보였다. 접근적 지지추구 집단은 평균보다 높은 안녕감과 자존감을 나타내고, 소극적 대처 집단은 평균 이하의 안녕감과 자존감을 보였다. 문제중심적 대처와 정서중심적 대처의 병용, 문제중심적 대처와 인지적 재해석의 호혜적 작용, 사회적지지 추구와 다양한 대처양식들의 병용, 소극적 대처 집단 구분의 함의를 논의하였다.

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