除草劑 Perfluidone의 作用特性에 관한 硏究 = Studies on the Herbicidal Properties of Perfluidone

국문 초록 (Abstract)

除草劑 perfluidone에 對하여 除草作用特性, 雜草와 水稻의 吸收特性 및 植物生理作用에 미치는 影響을 檢討하여 本劑의 作用特性을 明白히 하고 作用機構에 關한 基礎資料를 얻고져 一連의 實驗을 행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.
Perfluidone은 一年生雜草 大部分과 多年生雜草中 올미, 가래, 너도방동사니, 매자기, 올방개, 올챙이고랭이 等에 대하여 우수한 殺草效果가 있었으며, 버들여뀌와 벗풀은 比較的 抵抗性을 나타냈다.
水?種子의 發芽率은 perfluidone 100ppm의 高濃度에서도 80% 以上이었으나 發芽後의 生育은 甚하게 抑制하여 3ppm에서도 草長은 45%, 根長은 70%의 沮害를 보였다. 올미 ??을 perfluidone 溶液에 浸績시키는 時間이 길면 길수록 올미의 生長은 더욱 더 抑制되었다.
Perfluidone은 主로 根部에서 吸收되나 ?葉部에서도 약간은 吸收되는 것으로 나타났다. 雜草와 水稻間 ?C-perfluidone 吸收量은 雜草가 水稻보다 2培 以上 많았고 部位別 分布를 보면 地上部보다 根部가 2培 以上이었다.
本劑는 種字發芽過程中 gibberellin ?起 α-amylase 및 protease 生合成을 顯著하게 抑制하였다. 그러나 水稻의 呼吸量, 根活力을 비롯한 chlorophyll 生成, Hill反應, 全糖 및 澱粉生成에 거의 影響을 미치지 않았으나 蛋白質生合成은 甚하게 抑制하였다.
perfluidone의 除草效果는 日當 ?水量이 增加될 때와 藥劑處理後 24時間 以內에 地表水移動이 있을 때 그리고 多年生雜草의 發生深度가 깊을 때 크게 低下되었다. 多年生雜草의 ?C-perfluidone 吸收量은 올미가 가장 많았고 다음은 벗풀, 올방개의 順으로 많았으며 發生深度가 깊어질수록 顯著하게 적어졌다.
水劑 3~4葉期의 苗를 供試하여 藥害安全性을 檢討한 製品量으로 10a當 2kg의 藥量에서는 大體로 安全하고 그 以上으로 藥量이 增加되면서 藥害는 增大되었지만 16kg prod./10a 水準에서도 30%의 減收만을 나타냈다. 藥害는 移秧深度가 낮을수록 增加되는 傾向이었으나, 日 ?水量이 增加될수록 그리고 藥劑處理後 72時間 以內에 換手가 되면 減少되었다.
?C-perfluidone의 吸收量은 水?移秧深度가 0cm인 ?植區에서 가장 많았고 移秧深度가 깊어짐에 따라 減少되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The herbicidal properties of perfluidone [1, 1, 1-trifluoro-N-2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) phenyl methanesulfonamide] were investigated.
Perfluidone controlled effectively paddy weeds : most of annuals and many troublesome perennials such as Sagittaria pygmaea MIQ., Potamogeton distinus A. BENN, Cyperus serotinus ROTTB, Scirpus maritimus L., Eleocharis kuroguwai OHWI., and Scirpus hotarui OHWI. whereas Sagittaria trifoliz L. and Polygonum hydropipper SPACH. were tolerent to perfluidone. With perfluidone treatment germination of rice over 80% was obtained at the concentration of 100 ppm, but the growth of rice seedlings was severely inhibited even at 3 ppm, resulting in 45% and 70% reduction in plant height and root length after germination, respectively. The longer the dipping time in perfluidone solution prolonged, the greater the growth inhibition of Sagittaria pygmaea occurred.
Perfluidone was absorbed primarily by the root and secondarily by the shoot of rice seedlings. The absorbed amount of ?C-perfluidone from the treatment solution was about two times greater in the weed species than in rice and grater in the underground organs than in the aboveground parts in the two species.
Perfluidone inhibited severely the synthesis of gibberellin induced α-amylase and lowered the level of protease in the germinating rice seeds. The chemical did not affect respiration, root activity, chlorophyll synthesis, hill reaction, and content of total suger and starch in the rice seedlings. However, protein synthesis was greatly inhibited by perfluidone.
The weeding efficacy of perfluidoe decreased with the increased leaching or the overflowing of irrigated water within 24 hours after the herbicide application. When the perennial weeds were shown at the deeper soil layer, the weeding efficacy decreased.
The absorbed amount of ?C-perfluidone from soil was greater in Sagittaria pygmaea than in Sagittaria trifolia, while Eleocharis kuroguwai absorbed much less ?C-perfluidone than the two weed species. Deep placement of the weed propagules in the soil resulted in less absorption of ?C-perfluidone than in the shallow placement.
At the rate of 2kg prod./10a, perfluidone did not cause any injury to the 4th leaf stage rice seedlings. Although the crop injury increased with the increased applicatioin rate, the injury caused by perfluidone at the rate of 16kg prod./10a gave rise to only 30% rice yield reduction. The crop injury decreased when the leaching of water increased and the irrigated water overflowed within 72hours after the application of perfluidone. This chemical showed greater crop injury at 0 and 1cm transplanting depths than 2 and 4cm transplanting depths from the basal part of shoot.
The greatest amount of ?C-perfluidone was detected with rice planted at the transplanting depth of 0cm and the amount decreased as the transplanting depth increased.