2-3세 발달지연 영유아의 발달양상, 양육환경 및 임상적 특징 = Developmental patterns, childcare environment, and clinical characteristics of children aged two to three years with developmental delay

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the variables of birth history, physical diseases, motor development, language development, social development, and childcare environment, and the clinical characteristics of young children aged 2-3 years with developmental delay, by comparing them to typically developing children. The comparison revealed that higher rates of unexpected pregnancy and physical diseases were found among the children with developmental delay than among the typically developing children. The children with developmental delay were slower in achieving one-word utterances and independent walking, had less stranger anxiety, and showed intermittent eye contact. Mothers of the children with developmental delay had higher levels of depression and anxiety than mothers of thetypically developing children and reported negligent childcare (25%) due to their mental health problems, lack of childcare knowledge and skills (19%), and excessive exposure to digital media (19%). Regarding the clinical characteristics of the children with developmental delay, the biggest problem reported by mothers was delayed language development (55%), followed by a low number of interactions (40%) and overall developmental delay (29%). Problems accompanying developmental delay included child-parent relationships (54%) and control (40%). The level of sensory processing disorder stood at 21.6-62.2% depending on the sensory area with under-responsiveness being prominent among children aged under 36 months. For emotional and behavioral problems, children aged under 36 months with developmental delay showed less peer aggression, and more depression/withdrawal and negative emotions, than thetypically developing children. Children aged 36 months or older with developmental delay showed more problems of hyperactivity, withdrawal, and attention, and other atypical problems, than their counterparts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 2-3세 발달지연 영유아의 출생력, 신체질병, 운동발달, 언어발달, 사회성발달, 양육환경관련 변인과 임상적 특징을 일반 영유아와 비교해 살펴보았다. 연구결과 발달지연 영유아는 일반 영유아에 비해 원하지 않았던 임신 비율, 신체질병 비율이 더 많았다. 또한 발달지연 영유아는 일반 영유아에 비해 한 단어 발화시기, 독립보행 시기가 늦고, 낯가림이 적고, 눈맞춤이 간헐적이었다. 발달지연 영유아의 어머니는 일반 영유아의 어머니에 비해 우울과 불안 수준이 더 높았으며 어머니의 정신건강 문제로 인한 방임적 양육 25%, 어머니의 부족한 양육 지식과 기술 19%, 디지털미디어 과다노출 19%가 보고되었다. 발달지연 영유아의 임상적 특성에서 어머니의 주 호소문제는 언어발달지연 55%, 상호작용 저조 40%, 전반적인 발달지연 29% 순이었다. 발달지연과 동반되는 문제로는 부모자녀관계 문제 54% 조절문제 40% 순이었다. 감각처리 이상성은 감각영역에 따라 21.6∼62.2%로 나타났으며 36개월 미만에서는 감각처리이상성에서 과소처리되는 특성이 두드러졌다. 정서행동문제에서는 36개월 미만 발달지연 영유아는 일반 영유아에 비해 또래공격성은 적은 반면에 우울/위축 문제와 부정적 정서 문제를 더 많이 보였다. 36개월 이상 발달지연 영유아는 일반 영유아에 비해 과잉행동, 위축, 주의집중 및 비전형문제를 더 많이 보였다.

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