해방 후 ‘미국의 소리(Voice of America) 한국어방송’에 관한 연구(1945~1950) = A Study of the Voice of America Korean Service (1945~1950)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Voice of America, at the root, was a propaganda machine. Though, this does not indicate that the broadcasting consistently distorted facts and varnish truths. It sometimes stood at the side of objectivity and authenticity. To add, it did contribute to cultural understanding and circulation of information. However, the Voice of America was operated to its native country’s advantage in order to strengthen security and increase interests, rather than pursuing universal values of journalism. The characteristic and capacity of this type of abroad-propaganda-media was an inborn limit of the Voice of America.
The Voice of America Korean Service under the Department of State had these intrinsic characteristics and limits. At the beginning of the military occupation, it was safety, cooperation with the Soviet, and understanding of the US that were mainly concentrated. Figures, cultures, policies, current issues of US took most of the part in the broadcasting compared to criticism or condemnation on communism and communist countries. Still, aiming to enhance the interests of US, the propaganda was never given up on. As the Cold War approached, the Voice of America that was suffering its downfall began to strengthen its position as the abroad-propaganda-media. It is difficult to say that Korean Service broadcasting did nothing but to demonstrate propaganda and instigate in an explicit way, clear propaganda broadcastings were sent out in important circumstances. Exclusive broadcast of federalization of the Soviet Union by Park, Hyun Young, broadcasts on May 10th election, and the ones on economic aid are typical examples of propaganda broadcastings.
The Korean programs had been divided into news, commentary, feature, or news, commentary and feature, music. As of November 1945, news and commentary occupied 43% and 37%, and music was 20%. But, after the anti-communist and anti-soviet programs were increased, entertainments sharply decreased contrary to the strengthened news. The scripts were written in English by the American writers complied with the daily and weekly guidances. Personnels of the review part studied the scripts thoroughly. After putting the deletion, option, sustain marks, they sent them to the Korean Desk. Korean staffs transcribed the broadcasting scripts, and announced.
Korean broadcasting time was 1 hour per day on 1946, but it was reduced to 15 minutes(7:45～8:00, AM) and 30 minutes(8:30～9:00, PM), and kept until the breaking of the Korean War. The Voice of America Korean language broadcast used the short wave was transmitted to the Korean peninsular from the San Francisco facilities via the Honolulu relay base. About latter part of 1945, WVTPng of FEN and KBS network began to rebroadcast the Voice of America modulated into the medium standard wave. It made The Voice got the large Korean listening population.
The Korean service was criticized severely by Korean peoples for the poor announcing. Also the USAMGIK demanded the strong propagandistic messages. The Voice of America Korean Service tried to improve the broadcasting quality, and on the end of 1949, the positive atmosphere to estimate that effort was developed. According to the survey conducted on November of 1949, half part of Korean listeners was regular listener. And most of them were the youth from teens to below 25, liked feature and music than news programs. On the other hand, the tendency toward preferring news and commentary was appeared among the older.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Voice of America, at the root, was a propaganda machine. Though, this does not indicate that the broadcasting consistently distorted facts and varnish truths. It sometimes stood at the side of objectivity and authenticity. To add, it did contribute to cultural understanding and circulation of information. However, the Voice of America was operated to its native country’s advantage in order to strengthen security and increase interests, rather than pursuing universal values of journalism. The characteristic and capacity of this type of abroad-propaganda-media was an inborn limit of the Voice of America.
The Voice of America Korean Service under the Department of State had these intrinsic characteristics and limits. At the beginning of the military occupation, it was safety, cooperation with the Soviet, and understanding of the US that were mainly concentrated. Figures, cultures, policies, current issues of US took most of the part in the broadcasting compared to criticism or condemnation on communism and communist countries. Still, aiming to enhance the interests of US, the propaganda was never given up on. As the Cold War approached, the Voice of America that was suffering its downfall began to strengthen its position as the abroad-propaganda-media. It is difficult to say that Korean Service broadcasting did nothing but to demonstrate propaganda and instigate in an explicit way, clear propaganda broadcastings were sent out in important circumstances. Exclusive broadcast of federalization of the Soviet Union by Park, Hyun Young, broadcasts on May 10th election, and the ones on economic aid are typical examples of propaganda broadcastings.
The Korean programs had been divided into news, commentary, feature, or news, commentary and feature, music. As of November 1945, news and commentary occupied 43% and 37%, and music was 20%. But, after the anti-communist and anti-soviet programs were increased, entertainments sharply decreased contrary to the strengthened news. The scripts were written in English by the American writers complied with the daily and weekly guidances. Personnels of the review part studied the scripts thoroughly. After putting the deletion, option, sustain marks, they sent them to the Korean Desk. Korean staffs transcribed the broadcasting scripts, and announced.
Korean broadcasting time was 1 hour per day on 1946, but it was reduced to 15 minutes(7:45～8:00, AM) and 30 minutes(8:30～9:00, PM), and kept until the breaking of the Korean War. The Voice of America Korean language broadcast used the short wave was transmitted to the Korean peninsular from the San Francisco facilities via the Honolulu relay base. About latter part of 1945, WVTPng of FEN and KBS network began to rebroadcast the Voice of America modulated into the medium standard wave. It made The Voice got the large Korean listening population.
The Korean service was criticized severely by Korean peoples for the poor announcing. Also the USAMGIK demanded the strong propagandistic messages. The Voice of America Korean Service tried to improve the broadcasting quality, and on the end of 1949, the positive atmosphere to estimate that effort was developed. According to the survey conducted on November of 1949, half part of Korean listeners was regular listener. And most of them were the youth from teens to below 25, liked feature and music than news programs. On the other hand, the tendency toward preferring news and commentary was appeared among the older.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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• 9 Terry Robert Hamblin, Jr., "Selling America: the 'Voice of America' and United States Radio Propaganda to Western Europe, 1945～1954" Stony Brook University 2006
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• 20 정용욱, "1945년 말 1946년 초 신탁통치안과 미군정－미군정의 여론공작을 중심으로" (62) : 2003