가야 卓淳國 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There were many different countries belonging to Gaya in ancient Korea. Taksun-guk was one of them, especially emerging in the late Gaya period, and this study aimed to describe the formation and development of this country and even define its characteristics.
In Chapter 1, this study examined the present status of research on Taksun-guk and attempted to critically describe the previous researchers’ perception of Taksun-guk.
In Chapter 2, this study described the circumstances of the Changwon region when ‘Small Countries’ were formed before Taksun-guk, so-called ‘the Byeonhan period’. Since the Bronze Age was the historical background of these small countries, this study looked into archaeological materials from the Changwon region in the Bronze Age. With various Bronze Age relics discovered, including dolmens, this study found it possible that there existed several different political groups in the Changwon region during the Byeonhan period before Taksun-guk. Among them, there were two political groups that could be confirmed through literature, and they were Byeonjinjujoma-guk recorded in ‘Samgukji’ and Golpho-guk recorded in ‘Samguk Sagi’. It was judged that Byeonjinjujoma-guk was one of the Byeonjin nations, formed around the Dahori area, while Golpho-guk was assumed to be a political group formed in the Changwon Basin, despite many other opinions that this group was positioned in Masan. It was because there still exist various ancient remains in the Changwon Basin, which were seemingly from the Byeonhan period, such as Seongsan Shell Midden, Naedong Sell Midden and other Byeonhan relics from Dogye-dong and Gaumjeong-dong in Changwon. Byeonjinjujoma-guk and Golpho-guk failed to keep developing because of great changes in the international relations around the Korean Peninsula, including the Posangpalguk War. They were political groups having grown through trade along Nakdong River and the southern coast of Korea, but such a change made them not sustain as a political group. After their national decline, there emerged a new political group in the Changwon region, and it was Taksun-guk as recorded in ‘Nihon Shoki’, etc.
In Chapter 3, this study examined the formation and development of Taksun-guk and even assumed its location. The main previous opinion was that Taksun-guk had no political group of Gaya because there was no gigantic-mound ancient tomb from Taksun-guk. Breaking away from this conventional point of view, however, this study confirmed that Taksun-guk was located in the Changwon region through analyses of historical records and archaeological materials. The analysis results show that Taksun-guk could engage in transit trade between Baekje and Wa(the ancient Japan) thanks to its location along the seashore and successfully grow as a political group through such trade. Therefore, this study found it more appropriate to identify the Changwon region as Taksun-guk. In the meantime, the political influence of Taksun-guk in the Changwon region was arranged as well, based on the distribution of castles and the density of relics from the Gaya period. As a result, Taksun-guk was found to have political power on the Hyundong area to the Changwon Basin, even covering the Seokdong and Yongwon areas.
In Chapter 4, this study attempted to find out the characteristics of Taksun-guk, especially by comparing it with three advanced countries of Gaya, Garak-guk in Gimhae, Anra-guk in Haman, and Gara-guk in Goryeong. Most of all, this study examined the external relations of Taksun-guk mainly through ‘Nihon Shoki’, and found out the characteristics of Taksun-guk as a trading port, along with its center and outskirts, which were the inner harbor and the outer harbor. The inner harbor was the current Changwon Basin, corresponding to the old Masan Bay. It was even extended to Gaeumjeong-dong and Dogye-dong that the royal palace, called ‘Seongsan Mountain Castle’, was located, where King Arisadung(阿利斯等) of Taksun-guk actually resided in those days. On the other hand, the outer harbor was the old Ungcheon area, which used to be called ‘Kusmura’ related to ‘Kulcha(屈自)’ and ‘Cusha(仇史)’. At that time, the outer harbor was a trading port that Ginungmalda-ganki(己能末多干岐) resided and managed. It was operated as a free trading port where merchants could carry out relatively free trading activities because King Arisadung of Taksun-guk did not have control power strong enough to subjugate this area. The royal palace, the center of Taksun-guk, was located deep inside the bay and was ruled by the king of Taksun-guk, and castles was built along the passageway from the trading port to the royal palace in order to prepare for possible foreign invasion. At the same time, a manager titled Ginungmalda-ganki was made to control the free trade zone.
Overall, this study attempted to find out whether the characteristics of Taksun-guk accorded with the concept of a port city state, which was commonly seen in Southeast Asia those days. Based on all the analysis results, this study came to the conclusion that Taksun-guk could be classified as a port city state.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말 1
• 1. 문제제기 1
• 2. 연구현황과 연구방향 7
• Ⅱ. 卓淳國 이전 ‘소국’의 형성 13
• 1. 소국 성립단계 15
• 2. 소국 발전단계 31
• 1) 弁辰走漕馬國 34
• 2) 骨浦國 64
• Ⅲ. 卓淳國의 형성과 발전 96
• 1. 卓淳國의 위치 96
• 2. 卓淳國의 발전 105
• 3. 卓淳國의 권역 126
• Ⅳ. 卓淳國의 성격 150
• 1. 卓淳國의 대외관계 150
• 2. ‘港市國家’로서의 卓淳國 171
• Ⅴ. 맺음말 185
• 참고문헌 188
• Abstract & Keywords 202