附加價値稅制의 要項과 經濟的 效果에 대한 小考 = The Synopsis of Value Added Tax System and Its Economic Effects

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The value added tax system, after long and sincere consideration of its availability in Korea on the part of the Government, consumers and the business groups, eventually came into operation on July 1, 1997 as scheduled. The new system is considered a rational and efficient tax system to contribute to the development of the current national economy in Korea. Thus, this study recapitulates the tax system and its economic effects as follow.

1) Recapitulation of Value Added Tax System
The value added tax system in Korea is in a consumption type, which requires the voluntary payment of the tax. This system is a new type of tax system developed and spread mainly in EEC countries. The value added tax is an excise levied on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of goods, to say, the indirect tax levied on the added values accrued in the process of production, distribution or consumption of goods or services.
The simple tax rate, 13%, is generally levied upon the added accured by the transactions like imports or supply of goods or services. The tax system, however, includes some flexibilities of reducing tax rates ranging to 3% in accordance with tax payers' situations, that is, the complete tax exemption system, the general tax exempton system, exceptional tax exemptiion system, etc. are the examples of them.
2) The Economic Effects of the Value Added Tax System
The operation of value added tax system resulted in integration of 12 indirect taxes, ie., 11 national taxes and 1 local tax. Thus, the number of tax classifications is reduced to 5 kinds of taxes like the added value tax, the special consumption tax, the liquor tax, the telephone tax, adn the stamp tax.
And quite a few valuable effects of value added tax operation upon the national economy are suggested. The economic effects of the price control, the import promotion, improvement of international balance of payments, the investment promotion, the coordination of business cycle, and the control of public finance are main examples among them. Further, compared with other indirect taxes, the current value added tax system has the advantage of neutralization in levying tax rate on imported goods and domestic goods, the type of enterprises, the size of enterprises, the kinds of products, the conversion degrees of products, the size of enterprise revenue.
In the order hand, there are some problems in operation of the current value added tax system. The prices of merchandises will be raised up by pressure of the value added tax rate, and capital concentrated enterprises are relatively more privileged than labor concentrated enterprises.

However, the Government puts a great importance of the tax system on the above economic effectiveness, because the operation of the tax system can expedite the development of the heavy machinery and chemistry industries by supporting them with tax privileges. And the expedient developement of those industries is the essential part of the fourth economic development plan starting in 1997. Therefore, the main purpose of this tax system should be effectively acheieved by gradually correcting minor problems arising in the first stage.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 言
• Ⅱ. 附加價値稅制의 要項
• 1. 附加價値稅의 性格
• 2. 附加價値稅의 主要內容
• Ⅲ. 附加價値稅制의 經濟的 效果
• 1. 間接稅體制의 簡素化
• 2. 經濟政策的 有效性
• 3. 租稅의 中立性 維持
• Ⅳ. 結 言