함석헌의 평화사상 비폭력주의와 협화주의(協和主義)를 중심으로 = Ham Seok Hyeon`s Peace Theory Through the Doctrine of Nonviolence and Harmonism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In a word, Ham`s peace theory is the doctrine of nonviolence. Ham`s doctrine of nonviolence which got a significant influence from Gandhi and Quaker, is a force confronting to the violence and a resistance. In other words, his idea is a non-violent resistance. Tracing back to the root of idea, His theory is originated from the Christianity. The concrete movement of his doctrine of nonviolence appears as living together, community ethic and reciprocity. However, the nonviolence theory is connected to the anarchism. The anarchism of which the idea seeks the life of freedom from any forms of control and coercion is related to solidarity through mutualism, communalism and peace movement as a interracialism. Ham`s anarchism regards the nationalism as a definite violence. From his point of view, the state is originally a violence which makes politics impossible through the government and military activity causing the distribution of the sensible. Women worker`s civil right movement and hunger strike is one example of Ham`s idea in overcoming the violence. The doctrine of nonviolence is achieved through the power of the language. Chomsky, an anarchist linguist also says the language is a predominant force of liberating human from the violence by the aid of nonviolence. The poser of Ham`s nonviolence theory stems from the Jesus and Gandhi`s language and action. He is a practical philosopher and thinker who reconciles the language with the action. People criticize Ham`s movement and theory lacks durability. On that reason, Ham`s idea should find out the strategic ways for overcoming the criticism. Today, his theory casts great implications on the theory of Unification(Federalism, neutralization). The essence of his ideology lies on the philosophy of harmony and idea of harmony. It means a beautiful harmony between the individuals for the whole. The Korean society is exploiting itself and its people thorough the performance-based pay systems. This not only causes voluntary violence but also serious depression. Therefore, the realization of ethical community without violence should be achieved based on the Ham`s idea. For achieving this purpose, Ham`s anarchism orders a life that resists all forms of oppression against the freedom and knows how to regret. This is only made possible by one`s own thought and spirit.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Butler, Judith, "혐오 발언" 알렙 2016
• 2 최신한, "헤겔철학과 형이상학의 미래" 서광사 2015
• 3 함석헌, "함석헌전집7-간디의 참모습: 간디자서전" 한길사 1984
• 4 함석헌, "함석헌전집3-한국기독교는 무엇을 하려는가" 한길사 1983
• 5 함석헌, "함석헌전집2-인간혁명의 철학" 한길사 1983
• 6 함석헌, "함석헌전집19-영원의 뱃길" 한길사 1985
• 7 함석헌, "함석헌전집11-두려워 말고 외치라" 한길사 1984
• 8 최인식, "함석헌의 교회관" 2001
• 9 박홍규, "함석헌과 간디" 들녘 2015
• 10 정대현, "한국현대철학" 이화여자대학교출판문화원 2016
• 11 한병철, "피로사회" 문학과지성사 [서울] 2012
• 12 윤경로, "평화와 연합운동으로서의 ‘3·1혁명’, in종교와 공동체문화" 한국종교연합 2016
• 13 Chomsky, N., "촘스키의 아나키즘" 해토 2007
• 14 Nietzsche, Friedrich W., "차라투스트라는 이렇게 말했다" 책세상 2004
• 15 Iyer, Raghavan, "진리와 비폭력(하): 마하뜨마 간디의 도덕·정치사상 권2" 소명출판 2004
• 16 Butler, Judith, "지상에서 함께 산다는 것" 시대의창 2016
• 17 김삼웅, "저항인 함석헌 평전" 현암사 2013
• 18 박노자, "저신뢰 사회, 대한민국"
• 19 이찬수, "재난과 평화 : 폐허를 딛고 평화를 묻다" 아카넷 2015
• 20 Lacan, J., "자크 라캉 세미나 1권-프로이트의 기술론" 새물결출판사 2016
• 21 Guerin, Daniel, "아나키즘" 여름언덕 2015
• 22 Kropotkin, Peter, "아나키즘" 도서출판개신(충북대학교출판부) 2009
• 23 하승수, "아나키즘" 책세상 2008
• 24 Eagleton, Terry, "성스러운 테러" 생각의나무 2007
• 25 유석성, "생각하는 백성이라야 산다" 나녹 2010
• 26 이재봉, "생각과 실천2: 함석헌의 비교사상적 조명" 한길사 2012
• 27 황보윤식, "생각과 실천2" 한길사 2012
• 28 황필호, "비폭력은 폭력의 반대가 아니다" 2002
• 29 안병무, "민족의 큰 사상가함석헌 선생" 한길사 2001
• 30 Ranciere, Jacques, "미학 안의 불편함" 인간사랑 2008
• 31 Gandhi, Mahatma, "모든 인간은 한 형제" 을지출판사 1983
• 32 강영계, "니체와 정신분석학" 서광사 2003
• 33 Taylor, Michael, "공동체, 아나키, 자유" 이학사 2006
• 34 Fitzgerald, Timothy, "The Ideology of Religious Studies" Oxford University Press 2000
• 35 Zizek, S., "How to read 라캉" 웅진지식하우스 2007
• 36 Freud, S., "Gesammelte Werke 16" 1978