Billy Budd, Foretopman 론(論) = A Study on Billy Budd, Foretopman
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1977
작성언어
-KDC
001.3
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
217-232(16쪽)
제공처
Billy Budd, Foretopman is Herman Melville5s final burst of creative energy in the fiction he liad completely neglected for over a generation. It is his own version of tragedy, constructed after years of painful thought, and the chief enterprise of his maturity and old age.
The action of the story is simple: Aboard a British ship at the end of the 18th century, soon after the great Mutiny of Nore, comes into the scene the innocent sailor, Billy Budd. His fate it is to force the ship’s captain to the gravest decision of his career. The evil Master-at- Arms, John Claggart, falsely accuses Billy of involvement in a conspiracy of mutiny; Billy, so astounded that his speech is reduced to a stutter, strikes him a fatal blow. Captain Vere admits Billy’s innocence, but he also realizes that he must hang or the whole British fleet might become involved in new mutinies that would disrupt the order of the State. So he makes his decision and the innocent Billy hangs.
Though the story is more or less based upon an actual incident of the Brig-of-War, Somers, the important thing is not the news itself but the inherent tragic quality. Melville gave an historical setting to fragments of remembered experience along with a mythic frame.
The origin of this tragedy lies in Billy’s impressment from the merchantship, Rights- of-Man to the warship, H.M.S. Indomitable by a boarding officer, and Billy’s speech defect. The differences between the above mentioned two worlds are great. Billy’s speech defect shows the reader his imperfection.
Since it is a symbolic work like Moby Dick, it has almost as many meanings as there are readers.
This is the story of three men in the British Navy: of the world, the spirit, and the devil.
Billy Budd is a man of all heart and no intellect, as a strange mixture of many ingredients― barbarian, child, dog一Christ and Adam―simple-minded but certainly a complex character. He becomes the dying Christ, but not the real Christ. He is Christlike, because he has no self-consciousness.
John Claggart, a man of all intellect and no heart, shows the reader the natural depravity according to nature. He knows what is right, but he never does it. He is a serpentlike, Satanic figure.
Captain Vere is a man of moderation with heart and intellect in ideal balance. He is one of Melville’s most balanced, maskless men and gives the reader the image of Jack Chase, Captain of the Maintop in the year 1843, on the U. S. Frigate, United States. He is the most important character of all. He could not escape the lonely agonies of his private conscience, faced with the dilemma: “Is he a social being, responsible to... the society to which he belongs? Or, is he an independent, moral individual, responsible to his private awareness of guilt and innocence?’’
Evil and good do indeed intermingle, braided into one cord in this incongruous world. Here, Melville is reiterating his basic theme of the tragic and compelling human necessity to abide by earthly rather than heavenly laws, as in all his previous work.
He is no longer protesting against the determined laws as being savagely inexorable. He has come to respect necessity. Yet it does not mean his return to conventional Christian faith. He felt, with some poignant sorrow, that the Gospel seems lacking in the practical wisdom of the world.
It seems that Melville has a lover’s quarrel with God and with the world.
Man has to meet that tragedy bravely to find peace in this world full of ambiguities.
He can never be perfect, he can, however, be great, if only he strives for goodness and virtue, even if it means painful emotions.
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