森林作業における車兩系林業機械オペレ―タの勞動負���に關する硏究
저자
발행사항
東京 : 東京大學 大學院, 2004
학위논문사항
Thesis(doctoral)-- 동경대학 대학원: 농학생명학연구과 삼림과학전공 2004
발행연도
2004
작성언어
일본어
주제어
KDC
526.15 판사항(4)
형태사항
ii, 111p. : ill. ; 30cm.
일반주기명
Includes bibliographical references
소장기관
Forest operations in the past included cutting by chain saw on a steep terrain, or handling heavy timbers manually. Therefore, past ergonomic studies of forestry have dealt with workload evaluation in whole body labor. But as machine operation is increasingly emphasized with forestry mechanization, recent forest work pattern is similar to earth work with engineering machinery. Therefore, the ergonomic study of forestry focused on vehicular machine operation is necessary.
A mini-forwarder is invented for logging in small area harvesting, and approximately 20,000 mini-forwarders are being used at private forests in Japan as main vehicular forest machines. Mini-forwarder and forwarder operator's fatigue during logging operation results from Whole-Body Vibration (WBV), improper posture or lever shifting. But forwarder operation requires fewer lever shifting and has more WBV. Therefore WBV can be considered as main cause of the fatigue for mini-forwarder operator.
The purpose of this study is to suggest proper working hours and logging distance within permitted workload by ergonomic evaluation of logging work with mini-forwarder.
In the chapter one, this study states the role of mini-forwarder in small-area private forest by showing the present condition on Japanese forestry and necessity of thinning. And the necessity of ergonomic study on logging work with mini-forwarder and forwarder is suggested.
In the chapter two, this study examines fatigue index for forwarder operator's fatigue from WBV during logging operation with forwarder was simulated with a vibration exciter. Operator's fatigue was measured through bio-signals during vibration simulation, and the computer program was designed to analyze bio-signals. As the result of the simulation, it is shown that power spectrum of 0.1Hz frequency is desirable to examine mental workload of WBV, and that EMG power spectrum and %MVC of electromyogram are desirable to examine static muscular fatigue of WBV.
In the chapter three, this study examines proper working hours considering WBV. Fatigue was evaluated by %MVC which was effective to evaluate forwarder operator's fatigue. WBV level is located on Y axis, and three segmentations of working hours - Safety zone, Caution zone, and Potential health risk zone - are located on X axis. As the result of the evaluation, this study suggests health guidance caution zone considering muscular fatigue.
In the chapter four, this study examines the roughness of forest road. The roughness of forest road is main environmental factor which influences working hours of logging operation by causing WBV. Numerical method by ISO8608 was used to evaluate the roughness of gravel forest road, native surface forest road, and native surface spur road. As the result of evaluation, gravel forest road is 778(1E-06㎥), native surface forest road in 1,701(1E-06㎥), and native surface spur road is 3,395(1E-06㎥) by degree of roughness(Gd(n0)). And gravel forest road and native surface forest road are classified grade D, and native surface spur road is grade E by ISO8608 grades.
In the chapter five, this study examines mutual relations between environmental factors and WBV, and suggests proper working hours. As the roughness of road affects operator's fatigue, the importance of management of forest road profile is confirmed. The examination of logging condition and driving speed of vehicle shows that WBV during unloaded driving is greater than WBV during loaded driving, and that the WBV is greater as the speed is higher.
Considering the driving speed related to WBV and the working hours related to WBV, logging distance is suggested to conduct forwarding within permitted working hours. According to the logging distance, working hours per day is suggested by Health guidance caution zone of ISO2631-1. As the results of these suggestions, the Standard work hours varied by different logging distance of test vehicle is presented and the Standard work hours can be a guideline of logging operation timetable reducing workload of operators in working fields.
In the chapter six, this study is summarized.
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