5世紀 倭·百濟關係와 羅濟同盟 = The Wa(倭)-Paekche(百濟) relation and Silla(新羅)- Paekche (百濟) alliance in 5th century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Wa-Paekche relation in 5th century was closely related with the progress of Silla- Paekche alliance. In the end of 4th century, Paekche that had once surrendered to Koguryo(高句麗) after perpetual warfare decided to oppose Koguryo with making military alliance with Wa. At a simultaneous period, Silla that had been suffering from the invasion of Wa army asked Koguryo for reinforcements, which required Silla to be subordinated to Koguryo.
These relations changed in the former part of 5thcentury; Paekche changed her policy to close to Shilla that had gradually tried to keep distance from Koguryo. In the middle of 5thcentury, Paekche and Silla formed alliance against Koguryo. The glorious days of this alliance were the last quarter of 5thcentury, when both countries established marriage alliance and could repulse Koguryo army.
On the other hand, judging from the fact that we can find no articles about Wa-Paekche relations in "Chronicles of three nations"(三國史記) and only a few articles in Nihonsyoki(日本書紀), Wa-Paekche relation in 5th century might have been weakened(even if such situation was slightly improved by Konji (昆支) visiting Wa, the article in Nihonsyoki that Wa could intervene Paekche's throne should not be true). It was the former part of 6th century that Wa-Paekche relation was transformed into military alliance.
Through 5th century Wa was not only military alliance partner for Paekche. On the other hand, Paekche was also not only partner who could descend new culture or techniques for Wa. In conclusion, even Wa- Paekche relation in 5th century should be fair enough, exchanges between two countries were not so frequent especially during the date of Silla-Paekche alliance. In this period, Wa as well tried to establish close relationship with Kaya(加耶) countriesand political powers along Yeongsan River(榮山江) basin.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

5세기의 왜ㆍ백제관계는 "나제동맹"의 추이와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 4세기말에 고구려와의 무력충돌을 되풀이하고 있었던 백제는 일시적으로 고구려에 귀속되였지만, 머지않아 이러한 관계를 파기하고 왜와 군사동맹을 결성하여 고구려에 대항하였다. 한편 같은 시기에 왜병의 침입으로 곤경에 처해있었던 신라는 고구려에 구원을 요청하였으며, 이후 고구려에 종속되게 되었다. 이러한 상황에 변화가 일어난 것은 5세기전반이었다. 신라가 점차 고구려의 세력권에서 이탈하기 시작하자 백제는 신라에 접근하기 시작하였다. 더욱이 5세기중반에는 양국 사이에 나제동맹이 결성되어 고구려의 공격에 공동으로 방어하게 되었다. 특히 웅진천도 이후인 5세기중반 이후는 나제동맹의 절정기로써, 백제와 신라는 연계하여 종종 고구려 군을 격퇴하였을 뿐만 아니라 백제의 활동으로 "혼인동맹"이 성립되었다.5세기중반을 중심으로 한 시기의 왜ㆍ백제에 대한 기록은 『삼국사기』에서는 전혀 찾아 볼 수가 없으며 『일본서기』에 극히 일부분이 남아있을 뿐이다. 이와 같은 사실은 사료의 잔존문제도 있으나, 기본적으로는 왜와 백제관계가 소원해진 결과에 따른 것으로 이해해야 할 것이다. 이러한 상황은 461년 곤지를 왜에 보내는 것으로 다소 개선되었으나, 웅진천도 이후 왜가 백제왕권에 개입하였다는 『일본서기』의 기술은 사실로 받아들이기 어렵다. 양국의 관계가 긴밀해 지고 군사동맹이라고 할 수 있는 형태를 띠게 된 것은 6세기초반 이후였다.백제에 있어서 군사동맹의 상대는 결코 왜국만이 해당되었던 것은 아니었으며, 왜국에 있어서도 백제는 선진문물ㆍ기술 등의 유일한 공급원이 아니었다. 양국의 관계는 전반적으로 양호한 편이었으나 나제동맹기에 양국의 관계는 상당히 소원해졌으며, 왜국은 가야제국과 더불어 영산강유역세력과의 관계를 강화시키고 있었다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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• 16 "judging from the fact that we can find no articles about Wa-Paekche relations in Chronicles of three nations and only a few articles in Nihonsyoki Wa-Paekche relation in 5th century might have been weakened even if such situation was slightly improved by Konji the article in Nihonsyoki that Wa could intervene Paekche's throne should not be true It was the former part of 6th century that Wa-Paekche relation was transformed into military alliance"
• 17 "alliance in 5th century"
• 18 "Through 5th century Wa was not only military alliance partner for Paekche Paekche was also not only partner who could descend new culture or techniques for Wa even Wa- Paekche relation in 5th century should be fair enough exchanges between two countries were not so frequent especially during the date of Silla-Paekche alliance Wa as well tried to establish close relationship with Kaya countriesand political powers along Yeongsan River" In conclusion
• 19 "These relations changed in the former part of 5thcentury; Paekche changed her policy to close to Shilla that had gradually tried to keep distance from Koguryo In the middle of 5thcentury Paekche and Silla formed alliance against Koguryo The glorious days of this alliance were the last quarter of 5thcentury"
• 20 "The Wa-Paekche relation in 5th century was closely related with the progress of Silla- Paekche alliance In the end of 4th century Paekche that had once surrendered to Koguryo after perpetual warfare decided to oppose Koguryo with making military alliance with Wa Silla that had been suffering from the invasion of Wa army asked Koguryo for reinforcements which required Silla to be subordinated to Koguryo"
• 21 "Kumagai, Kimio*"
• 22 "5세기 백제와 倭國의 관계" 39 : 2004