백제의 지방통치를 통해 본 마한의 변천 = Transition in Mahan(馬韓) through Baekje(百濟)’s Local Ruling

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines the control and territorialization to Mahan(馬韓) before direct rule emerged as Baekje(百濟)’s method of local ruling, analyzes the specific aspects of advancement into the Honam(湖南) region in the 4th and 5th centuries, and attempts to identify the situation in the Honam region and changes in Baekje’s local ruling method after the fall of Hanseong in 475. The results of the review are as follows.Regarding the method of controlling Mahan before direct rule appeared as Baekje's local ruling method, Baekje was subjugated by Mahan but progressed to the its annexation of the surrounding small states, and I estimated that the period was King Goi or later. By examining the historical records of Baekje prior to the appearance of direct rule, it was confirmed that indirect rule and subjugation existed and the proportion of indirect rule is high. By reviewing Chinese historical records and archaeological data, I estimated that Baekje’s annexation to small states was likely to have begun at the end of King Goi or the beginning of the 4th century, and that indirect rule and subjugation were applied differently depending on the situation in adjacent areas. I estimated that direct rule, indirect rule, and subjugation were still properly applied according to the needs of Baekje’s central government, although it was possible that direct rule was carried out in Baekje from the late 4th to the first half of the 5th century after reviewing the Baekje’s chronicle of the Samguksagi and the archaeological data excavated from the Gyeonggi-do Province. Baekje would not have bothered to resolve such separation because it was difficult for Baekje to directly rule or territorialize Honam region in the 4th and 5th centuries, and because the Honam region was in a situation of separation of small states that lost its central existence. Baekje changed its ruling method over the Honam region after the fall of Hanseong(漢城) in 475. In the late part of the 5th century, through the regulation of Wang(king) and Hu(marquis), Baekje strengthened its influence on this region and implemented the Damro(檐魯) system in the early part of the 6th century to try to territorialize the region and systematize local ruling. It formed a subordinate relationship with a small country on the southern coast in the late part of the 5th century. It drove Daegaya(大加耶) from the Seomjingang River basin and formed a subordinate relationship with a small country in this region in the early part of the 6th century. It began to territorialize above regions and paid off with the implementation of five-Bang system during the reign of King Seong.