正祖의 강원도 유생 선발 = King Jeongjo’s selecting the Confucian scholar on Gangwon-do Province

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The late 18^th century, the reign of King Jeongjo, was a period of extreme polarization between the metropolitan area and provinces. The center of economy, politics, academics, and education were all concentrated in the metropolitan area, and the provinces had to be alienated in politics and personnel. In response, Jeongjo held a ‘Do-gwha(道科)’ and ‘Byul-si(別試)’ as a consideration for local confucian scholar. And Later in King Jeongjo, ‘Binheung-gwa(賓興科)’ was implemented nationwide. ‘Binheung-gwa(賓興科)’ was the first system to be implemented during the reign of King Jeongjo. King Jeongjo wanted to expand the ‘Binheung-gwa(賓興科)’ across the country after the selection of the confucian scholar in Gangwon Province. King Jeongjo asked the meaning of scripture of ‘13Gyung(十三經)’ to ‘Gyunggong-saeng(經工生)’ and Jeongjo’s testing of ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’ by applying the past system was modeled after the system of ‘LeeSun(里選)’ and ‘Hyanggeo(鄕擧)’, which are the recruitment of talent from ‘Jewdae(周代)’. And it was ‘Gwandong-binheungnok(『關東賓興錄』)’ that recorded the process of this.
From the selection of the local confucian scholar in Gangwon Province to the compilation of the ‘Gwandong-binheungnok(『關東賓興錄』)’, the whole process was conducted under the leadership of King Jeongjo. The selection of Confucian scholar in Gangwon-do was carried out by dividing them into ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’ preparing for the civil service examination and ‘Gyunggong-saeng(經工生)’ studying for the confucian classics. The number of members for ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’ was same from Yeongseo and Yeongdong provinces. This is based on the consideration of regional distribution. A special favor was given to ‘ojuk-juin(烏竹主人)’s descendants to take the exam for the selection of ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’. This was caused by King Jeongjo's intention to honor ‘Yiyi(李珥)’, who was born in Ojukheon, Gangneung, while to raise the morale of local people by employing his descendants.
For the ‘Gyunggong-saeng(經工生)’, ‘13Gyung-Gangeui(十三經講義)’ was tested against the system of ‘Gyungsa-gangeui(經史講義)’. This was to change the academic trend toward ‘Saseo-5Gyung-Daejeon(『四書五經大全』)’ by bringing a variety of scriptures to local children, who are unfamiliar with new academic information. Jeongjo wanted to employee these selected local confucian scholar in practice, not just in the selection process. The selected ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’ were to be appointed to government posts, and the ‘Gyunggong-saeng(經工生)’ were to be used as local officials in Gangwon Province to govern the local people. Meanwhile, all Gyunggong-saeng(經工生)’ were assigned equally to Yeongseo and Yeongdong provinces, taking into account regional safety, as were ‘Gongryeong-saeng(功令生)’. Jeongjo gave them a Jujaseo(朱子書) in hopes of the restoration of proper education and the revival of local education.
Starting with Gangwon Province, King Jeongjo wanted to select alienated local Confucian scholar and reform the system with Binheung to expand it nationwide.
Therefore, the selection of the confucian scholar in Gangwon Province and the compilation of the ‘Gwandong-binheungnok(『關東賓興錄』)’ are meaningful in that they suggested a new methodology for selecting local confucian scholar. On the other hand, Jeongjo used it as an opportunity to console the people in Gangwon Province, who are suffering from poor people's livelihoods, and to directly understand the situation in Gangwon Province through their voices. These various processes were the way to true social unity under the rule of King Jeongjo without the final marginalization of the region. I hope that this study will help us study ‘Binheungnok(『賓興錄』)’ and ‘Binheung-gwa(賓興科)’ in other areas in the future. I hope that this study for the selection of confucian scholar in Gangwon Province with ‘Gwandong-binheungnok(『關東賓興錄』)’ will help in the study of other areas after Gangwon Province.