충주지역 생원·진사 입격자와 사회적 지위 = The Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination Candidates and Their Social Status in Chungju Area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the 16^th century, Chungju has been the main source of Gihosalim(畿湖士林) and 293(48.2%) literary licentiate and 315(51.8%) classics licentiate were produced from here.Fifteen people(2.5%) of them simultanously passed the two tests and ten of them, including Heo Jeok, were passed the civil service examination.
203 people(33.4%) of them in the 18^th century, 198 people(32.6%) in the 19^th century, and 171(28.1%) in the 17^th century passed the exam. Expecially, during King Sukjong’s reign, 134 applicants(22.1%) passed. This is different from other regions producing the highest number of successful applicants during King Gojong’s reign. This is due to the academic influence of Song Si-Yeol and Kwan Sang-Hwa along with the education of Sarim(士林) after the 16^th century.
The average age at the time of passing was 35.9 years which was similar to the national age. The age of literary licentiate who passed was three years later than classics licentiate. In terms of age, there were 218 people(37.3%) in their 30s and 188(32.1%) in their 20s. Of the total, 69.4 percent(406people) were in their 20s to 30s. Including 13-year-old Kim Mong-jeong, there were 27(4.6%) successful teens, and 15 of them passed during King Gojong’s reign. Especially in the 28^th year of King Gojong, seven successful applicants were the same age as the crown prince. Also, there were 21 successful applicants(3.6%) over the age of 60.
The types of family name of the successful applicants were 112, which showed their social status. Seven surnames accounted for more than a third of the total; the Jeonju Yi 48, the Gwangju Lee 32, the Poongsan Hong and the Chogye Choung 26, the Yeonil Jung and the Gyeongju Kim and the Namyang Hong 23 people. Among them, 73(12.1%) were later accepted to the civil service examination, and their average age at the time when they had passed in the Classics and Literary Licentiate Examination(司馬試) had been 30.5 years old, five years younger than the total number of successful applicants. After that, when their average age were 39.6 years old, they passed the civil service examination.
Their social status was especially visible in their former occupation and their father’s office and rank. Most of their former occupation was Yuhak(幼學) and it accounted for 98%(584) similar to other regions.
Their fathers were 212 government employees (40.4%), 131 students (24.9%), and 93 Yu-hak(17.7%). Besides, those who took official rank was 88(16.8%). Government officials and those who took officials rank accounted for 57.1 percent(300people), far more than in other regions. Their official positions were 23 people local governor, 15 Chunguiwi, 14 Protectorate governor, 13 YongYangwi, Buhogun and Chambong, and 9 governors.
This is similar to Cheongju, but compared greatly with Yeongju in Gyeongsang Province. Chungcheong Province would have had many opportunities to enter government posts or receive the degree of official rank because of prevailing Noron(老論) and Soron(少論) It is also noteworthy that there were 53 military officers.