마음의 연구와 심리학: 마음의 문화심리적 분석에 바탕한 심리의 작용 틀 = The Study of Mind and Psychology: A Model of Two Mental Chambers for Understanding of Mind

국문 초록 (Abstract)

마음에 대한 문화심리학적 분석은 일상생활에서 마음이 지닌 의미가 한국과 서양에서 큰 차이가 남을 보이고 있다. 영어에서 마음은 인지, 생각의 의미이며, 마음을 정신생활을 가능하게 하는 기능적 갖춤 새로 보고 그 요소들을 분석하는 현대심리학을 발전시켰다. 우리 말에서 마음은 지정의를 통섭하는 주재(主宰)적 성격이 강하며, 이 탓에 마음을 다스리는 수양학문으로서 심학이 발전되었다. 인간이면 누구에게나 마음의 두 가지 성격이 공통으로 작용한다는 것에 착안하여 사건을 접한 마음의 작용을 분석하는 틀로서 마음의 방과 사물의 방의 은유를 제시하였다. 사물의 방에서 사람들은 사건을 탈개인화(사물화)시켜 분석적, 논리적, 객관적, 결정론적, 기계론적으로 접근하지만, 마음의 방에서는 사건을 개인화시켜, 총체적, 주관적, 생성론적, 관계적, 현상학적으로 접근한다. 현대심리학은 사물의 방에서 작동하는 방식으로 심리를 연구해 왔으나, 마음의 방에서 작동하는 심리는 분석의 대상에서 제외시켰다. 본고에서는 왜 마음의 방에 대한 이해가 심리학의 영역으로 들어와야 하며, 어떻게 가능한지를 설명하고, 그 분석의 과제로 마음경험과 문화적 정서를 제시하였다. 마음의 방에 대한 탐구는 문화특수적인 심리현상의 연구가 마음의 이해에 대한 보편적 지평을 넓히는 기여를 한다는 점을 논의하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Analysis of cultural psychology of mind reveals significant cultural differences in the folk meaning of mind. In English, mind is viewed as various mental faculties enabling thinking and perception. This view justifies the development of modern psychology which investigates those faculties as such. In Korean, mind (maum) is viewed as the master of all the mental faculties. This latter view justifies the development of Shimhag which emphasizes the control of mind. Based on the cultural psychology of mind, we propose a model of two mental chambers which operate in every individual across cultures. In the chamber of thing, people approach the experience as if they are handling things. They view things and events as logical, objective, analytical, mechanistic and deterministic; they act like an impartial observer, On the other hand, in the chamber of maum, people become the first person experiencer; they take holistic, subjective, generative, relational, phenomenological perspective. Modern psychology takes mental phenomena largely from the thing perspective and set aside the maum perspective as unscientific. We present why the understanding of maum chamber is necessary for modern psychology and how it can be approached in psychology. This view presents a whole new area of research in the narrow field of cultural emotion and in the broader area of psychology. The study of maum chamber indicates how the local mind is inextricably linked to the global mind.

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