1930年代의 英詩 : The New Country Group를 中心으로 with the New Country Group = The English Poetry in Nineteen-thirties
저자
秦仁淑 (建國大學校 文科大學 副敎授)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1967
작성언어
Korean
KDC
841.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
141-169(29쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Over the last thirty or forty years, between the two World War and thereafter the English poetry has produced a larger body of profuse, brilliant and even uneven works in a dazzling variety of styles and a formidable range of subjects. This period developed and maintained a tone and manner idiosyncratic enough to earn the coining of the word "Modern Poets" This sense of abundance, variety and freedom derives principally from the poet's own approach to poetry and from the intercourse with the post-war Continent. The group of poets under the name of the "Modern Poets" might as well be said to be represented by "The New Country Group" headed by W. H. Auden.
It is a well-known fact by now that Auden's works are sometimes beyond the comprehension of ordinals readers because the maker's views and visions are very much of his own, which has developed with some consistency and because of the difficult technical medium-the side that most reflects the poet's character ; however many critics laid much stress on Auden's "Causes", ignoring his other qualities as a poet, e. g. his technical experiments inspired by, and intimately related to T. S. Eliot.
Auden's principal subject was the profound division of sympathy in the Middleclass Leftist, who was self-divided between the pure working class and the incapable middle-class he belonged to ; between his feeling for "England, Home and Beauty," and his feeling for Marxist idealism ; between fantasies of private love and facts of public service. Auden's ideal "good place" has changed in its definition in the thirty years he has been writing. Since Auden is, superficially, an extremely dogmatic poet, with a love for decisive action and assertive statesment, summarizing his different definitions is not so easy as it seems. It would be possible to talk, in very general terms, of a change from a "political" to a "religious" attitude, from Freudian Marxism to Christianity. The difficulty would be that - as far as poetry is concerned-such terminology would be very inexact. For, as a poet, Auden leaves the impression of being a man engaged in an extremely private and personal dispute, pursuit, or quest.
The earlier Auden had infused a landscape of fragmentary details with a wholly personal vision, compounded of romantic excitement, social analysis, the language of Freudian psychology, and the intense pleasure of authority over words and images. The latter Auden creates an almost symbolic bird's-eyes view of life, looking at some distance from the personal. The nervous anxiety and energy that gave the earlier passages its uneven power has dwindled to a warm glance backward at a "guilt-ridden" culture. Thus, rather than changing sharply, in the course of his career, from a "political" to a "religious" point of view, attempting to reconcile the contraries and dualities.
The Auden's works would remain in the history of poetry written in English as a "typical pattern" for nineteen-thirties ; though it would be more attractive for the readers of nineteen-sixties, should it haute the smiles of humour and the sparks of wits.
Spender's earlier works, as the general tendency of this group of poets, are distinctively showing the socialistic ideals. The latter part has been marked by the rather private relicism which is more or less the Shelley's pattern. Spender's image and metaphor was more up-to-time than Eliot and remarkably was of his own. (like seen in the poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome")
In the technical side Spencer was fallowing in general the blank verse set in the regular stanza form; long sentences drag on, like the poet was looking for something, and suddenly settles down on a beautiful word. It was lyrical in imagery and vacabulary related to the traditional lyricism but not in its tone and movement.
Spender was abstract and vague while Auden was of facts and reality; however he was so skilled in making a poetical beauty by merely put together these abstract notions that the readers would visualize the scenes and situation behind the abstractness, In the above mentioned poem "The Landscape near an Aero-drome" and the following poem "I think continually of those who were really great", the poet has never manifested who, how, when and what on those who were truly great as the objective of Spender's admiration; the truly great man was the poet's ideal in his notion.
Day Lewis early wrote poems after the Auden's pattern; the styles of his own appeared after his trip to Italy. Spender's Poems was concerned with a "mood" while Day Lewis's are of "situations" like Audens. The poem "Conflict" is a picture of a fear-striven liberalist attacked from both sides, fascism and communism, Though Day Lewis's situations are concrete and detailed, its images are vague and abstract; its languages are old and conventional; thus the old metaphor is not employed in making a new context that would be able to widen the areas of common feeling between the maker and reader, Day Lewis technic was, so to say, to link an abstract notion with another abstract word related to ; finally he has mastered the poetical handlings of a metaphysical wit.
MacNeice is very much similar to Auden in his moralized tone, citizenlike imagery and plain conversational languages but MacNeice's works are more visually sensitive. Among this group of poets, MacNeice is the only one who has not paid much concerns on the politics and society ; his images are usually expressed through the external symptoms of nature (as seen in the poem "June 1st") ; nature in MacNeice's poems never appeared without clad in his designs and patterns, thus the rainfall in June is to wash out his expectations and anxieties accumulated. MacNeice's technique is direct and personal, extremely of his own and yet there is always a very common standard of humanistic moral underneath the personalized imagery.In the light of pure personality, MacNeice might be the poet among the group who has had a sound and well balanced characters.
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