원주시 섬강, 원주천의 비오톱유형별 야생조류 서식특성 연구 = Properties of Wildbirds Habitat According to Biotope Types at Seom River and Wonju Stream

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is to understand the current situation of Wonju Stream, which flows through Wonju, Kangwon-do, and Seom River, the national river located outside of Wonju, by investigating all river areas using biotope type. Also, this research looked into the relationship between biotope and appearance of wild birds by investigating the location of their appearance. Biotope groups are ‘scale’, ‘shape’, and ‘landscape’. And, biotope types are ‘moisture’, ‘physical environment’, and ‘existence of vegetation’. Biotope subtypes are ‘river area’, ‘physical environment’, ‘vegetation type’, and ‘usage of land’. Seom River is classified as 21 different sections, and Wonju Stream is classified as 19 different sections. Wild birds are investigated on breeding season, which was January and May of 2008. By marking each bird’s location of appearance, it figured out properties of biotope according to the location of bird’s appearance. 31 species, 795 birds in spring were founded, and 49 species, 4,348 birds are founded in winter at Seom River area. Also, 34 species, 427 birds in spring, and 33 species, 3,442 birds are founded in winter at Wonju Stream area. In winter, 26 species, 547 birds, and in spring, 12 species, 72 birds at natural river with estuaries in confluence of Seom River area are founded. Also, 34 species, 1412 birds in winter, and 24 species, 341 birds in spring are founded at natural river with estuaries and wetland plants. This means that because agricultural rivers have wide river width, slow flow speed, and many different types of biotope, these rivers can be good habitats for wild birds. The precise investigations and classifications of biotope, which especially are hard for linear rivers, were done to understand the whole and current situation of rivers. Furthermore, the data that shows the locations of wild birds can basically be used for a recovery of biological habitats, a constructing of ecological streams, a river-maintenance, and an enhancement of biodiversity of Wonju. Also, because the types of biotope are altered by rain, a continuous monitoring for maintaining ecosystem of rivers are highly needed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 강원도 원주시에 도심지를 통과하는 원주천과 외곽의 국가하천인 섬강 전 구간을 조사하여 비오톱유형화를 통해 하천 자연생태 현황을 파악하고, 야생조류 출현위치를 파악하여 비오톱과 야생조류 출현현황의 관계를 분석하였다. 비오톱유형은 규모, 형태, 경관에 따라 중분류하였으며, 수문, 물리환경, 식생에 따라 소분류하였다. 또한 하천공간, 물리환경, 식생, 토지이용에 따라 비오톱유형을 세분류하였으며, 조사 결과 섬강은 21개 유형, 원주천은 19개 유형으로 분류하였다. 야생조류는 2008년 1월과 5월에 조사를 시행하였으며, 각 조류의 출현위치를 표기하여 야생조류 출현지점의 비오톱 속성을 파악하였다. 야생조류 출현 현황은 섬강 전 구간에서 봄철 31종 795개체, 겨울철 49종 4,348개체이었고, 원주천에서는 봄철 34종 427개체, 겨울철 33종 3,442개체이었다. 섬강은 산지형 하천 중 합수부 퇴적지 자연하천 지역에 겨울철 26종 547개체, 봄철 12종 72개체이었으며, 농촌형 하천 중 퇴적지 및 습지식생이 넓게 형성된 자연하천 지역에 겨울철 34종 1,412개체, 봄철 24종 341개체이었다. 이에 농촌형 하천은 하폭이 넓고 유속이 느리며, 다양한 비오톱유형이 있어 야생조류 서식에 양호한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서는 조사와 표현이 힘든 선형 하천구간에 정밀 비오톱 조사와 유형화를 통해 하천 전체 현황을 파악하였으며, 야생조류 출현현황을 조사하여 생물서식처 복원, 생태하천 조성, 하천정비 등의 기초자료로 활용되며, 원주시 도심 생물다양성 증진을 위한 자료로 활용 가능하다. 또한 하천은 강우에 의해 비오톱 속성이 빈번하게 변경되므로 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 하천생태계가 유지될 수 있도록 관리해야 할 것이다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 안홍규, "한강 하구 습지복원을 위한 장항습지의 사주 지형변화 및 식생정착" 한국습지학회 14 (14): 277-288, 2012
• 2 김지석, "토지이용유형별 야생조류 군집구조 특성 분석 - 시흥시를 사례로 -" 한국환경생태학회 26 (26): 313-322, 2012
• 3 안홍규, "중규모 하천 생물 서식처의 특성 분석-복하천을 중심으로-" 한국조경학회 32 (32): 102-119, 2004
• 4 표재훈, "도심하천과 자연하천의 식생형에 따른 조류 서식지 유형분석" 한국습지학회 13 (13): 67-77, 2011
• 5 이상돈, "도림천 수변지역 조성을 위한 생태적 관리방안 및 하천환경 관리방안에 관한 연구" 한국습지학회 10 (10): 133-139, 2008
• 6 Loesch, C.R., "Winter bodyweight patterns of female mallards fed agricultural seed" 53 : 1081-1087, 1989
• 7 Vannote, R. L., "The river continuum concept" 37 (37): 130-137, 1980
• 8 Kim, I. K., "Study on the Development of Wildbirds Habitat-Models in Urban Stream: A Case Study of Three Streams in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Department of Forest Resources" Chungnam National Univ. 2008
• 9 Roth, R. R, "Spetial heterogeneity and bird species diversity" 57 : 773-782, 1967
• 10 Park, C.R., "Relationship between species composition and area in breeding birds of urban woods in Seoul, Korea" 51 : 29-36, 2000
• 11 Ministry of Environment, "Preservation and Restoration Guide Book of Biotope Type" Ministry of Environment 165-, 2010
• 12 Natuhara, Y., "Pattern of land mosaics affecting butterfly assemblage at Mt. Ikoma, Osaka, Japan" 14 : 105-118, 1999
• 13 Ministry of Construction and Transportation, "Manual of River Corridor Survey & Monitoring for Close-to-River Improvement"
• 14 Gaston, K. J., "Habitat conversion and global avian biodiversity loss" 270 : 1293-1300, 2003
• 15 Odum, E. P., "Fundamentals of Ecology(3rd ed.)" W. B. Saunders Company 574-, 1971
• 16 Watkinson, A. R., "Flying in the face of climate change: a review of climate change, past, present and future" 146 : 4-10, 2004
• 17 Choi, J. W., "Development of Classification and Evaluation Process of Biotope Type by Suitable Regional Characteristics in Seoul Metropolitan Area Korea" University of Seoul 2009
• 18 Cowardin, L. M., "Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the U.S. fish and wildlife service pub" W.A.D.C. 103-, 1979
• 19 Hopper, R. G., "Bird density and diversity as related to vegetation in forest recreational area" 71 : 766-769, 1973
• 20 Bibby, C. J., "Bird Census Techniques" Academic Press 257-, 1997
• 21 Willson, M. F, "Avian community organization and habitat structure" 55 : 1015-1030, 1974
• 22 Anderson, B. W., "Avian and vegetation community structure and their seasonal relationships in the lower Colorado river wally" 85 : 392-405, 1983
• 23 Lee, W.S, "Analysis of changes on the forest environment and the bird community in terms of ‘uild’" 18 (18): 397-408, 1995
• 24 Kim, J.H., "An agricultural habitat indicator for wildlife" 1-12, 2001
• 25 Kim, D. W., "A Study on the Restoration of Wildbird Habitat by the Landuse Type of Hangang Riverside, Seoul" University of Seoul 2006