목적론과 의무론의 관점에서의 경찰공무원의 윤리관 = Police Ethics in views of Teleology and Deontology

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Recently we are increasingly concerned with the issue of ethics not only in the public sector but also in the private area. Terminologies such as management ethics and public administration ethics are now being used more popular. Such a trend reflects that we are living in a more complex society and a strong need to solve conflicts in a way that can fulfill the stakeholders` interests as much as possible. The police ethics is a value-oriented norm for the police organization as well as the policemen and it can be classified into the two approaches. Firstly, teleology which emphasizes that good would be determined by what produces the greatest good for the greatest number and if it results in good consequences, then it can be defined as good. The teleological approach is based on ends-oriented and originally intends to control crime. Secondly, deontology which is defined as there would be a definite rule for morality, which is born rather than given thus providing a basis for behaviors regardless of consequences. That is an act can still be good, even though the results may not be as good as what it was intended to be. The deontology is based on means-oriented and intend to establish due process. Moreover, the police ethics is closely related with ideologies of police administration such as lawfulness, democracy, efficiency, effectiveness, neutrality and social equality in a point that the both deal with the value system. The main purpose of the study is to find out how they-teleology and deontology-are reflected in police ethics, what they are and what they ought to be for proper and desirable policemen. The teleological approach in the police ethics brought a rule of efficiency which is based on the principle of utility and as a result the police set targets for productivity and efficiency as a best performance of its work. In order to achieve the targeted goal, the police need good policemen who have a sense of morality. Recently the so-called community policing is introduced to fulfill its goal successfully of which idea based on democracy and efficiency. However, the community policing empowers the policemen and allows for them to have wide discretionary decisions in their daily activities and to intervene in the lives of citizens. In accordance with the said situations, the policemen are strongly requested to have senses of morality in the decision-making of policing. Even though the policemen are trying to do their best to get good results, they sometimes outlaw and bend the law in their activities in the name of good cause, which is originated in the result-oriented conviction. In consequence, the good policemen are needed and they are defined they exercise their power properly, respond to people with responsibility and become sensitive to requests of the people. And they are called professionals and problem-solvers. On the other hand, the deontological approach in the police ethics is that senses of morality are given to human beings, not based on the judgement of the results. J. Rawls adopted this approach and made the principle of the equal liberty and the principle of the inequality. He gives the first priority to the principle of the equal liberty and the principle of the inequality can be recognized on condition that all the jobs and positions should be opened to the weakest people since they become sources of inequality. And the inequality should be maximized to meet the needs of the weakest people. Rawls` principle imply that the police should respect the citizens, make fairness in their activities and the procedural justice should be introduced in advance for execution of it and the police service should bestow on equal basis, bearing in mind for care of the poorest and the weakest people. One of the representative, deontological approaches in police work is the charter of police that governs the organization as well as the policemen in and out of the society and proclaims job of police look like professional. In particular, duties in the police ethics are strongly requested in the fields of police responsibility, police corruption and policemen`s private lives. In order to secure the police responsibility, not only the official, institutional and mechanical controls are necessary but also the inner control from the policemen are urgent. The police corruption is one of the core issues in the police ethics and the traditional control such as the slippery slope model of economic corruption is the first illegal acts committed by the police officers but for the police reform the corruption of noble causes should be given keen attention. The policemen`s rights for private lives are protected on the constitutional law and the law concerned but the areas of the private lives are closely related to privacy and freedom of the policemen and in the coming days those issues seem to be conflicted because they demand them more than ever. But the areas of privacy is closely related to trust of people, so the policemen should maintain sense of morality in their private lives. In the end, teleology and deontology of the police ethics can be compromised to bring about the best performance of police activities. The police ethics are so important for reinforcement of moral resolve, moral sensitization, and moral expertise for policemen.