한국군 무인항공기 진화를 위한 외국군 무인항공기 발전추세 및 운용사례 연구 = A study of foreign military UAV development trend and operational cases for the UAV developments of Republic of Korea Armed Forces

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to propose UAV, or Drone, Unit development direction for Republic of Korea (ROK) Armed Forces. Defense Reform 2.0, as a hot issue, requires to mitigate unit structure transformation, life respect and man power reduction requirement, high-risk operations, and so on.
First of all, This study has been explored drone’s technical development trend and operational cases of foreign military. High-tech drone technology is developing in creative and infusible ways, from nano-drone to fixed or rotary wing UAV, hybrid UAV and UCAV in terms of size and shape, weight, flight ceiling, complex flight technology, hybrid energy, endurance and payload.
Historically, U.S. military have used UAVs during the Vietnam war, OIF and OEF as surveillance, deception and strike purposes, and it is now evolving to a combination concept of man and unmanned systems. Israeli Defense Forces, or IDF, used UAVs as a mean to detect and monitor enemy air defense systems and aircraft during the Lebanese wars.
Recently unmanned combat system is aggressively developing to maximize efficiency of military operations, overcome manpower restraint caused by demographic cliff, save lives of the friendly forces from high-risk missions in minefield or chemical pollution area by utilizing high technology of 4th industrial revolution. Therefore ROK military should begin benchmarking foreign military forces’ drone employment and accept civilian drone technologies, and develop new operational concept, unit structure, force generation, doctrines, and so on.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 국방개혁2.0 추진에 따라 화두가 되고 있는 군구조 개편, 생명존중과 병력감축, 고위험 작전수행 등의 문제를 해소할 수 있는 한국군 무인항공기 발전방향을 제안하기위하여 작성하였다. 먼저 무인항공기의 군사적 발전추세를 살펴본 다음, 외국군의 무인항공기 운용사례와 개발동향을 살펴보았다. 오늘날 무인항공기는 초소형 드론으로부터 회전익․ 고정익 무인항공기, 수직이착륙 무인항공기, 하이브리드 무인항공기, 무인전투기에 이르기까지 크기와 형태, 동력공급, 제어방식, 무장수준 등 다양하게 진화하고 있다. 무인항공기의 대표적인 군사적 운용사례를 살펴보면 미군은 베트남전과 이라크․아프가니스탄전에서 무인항공기를 활용하여 지형정찰, 적 기만, 핵심표적 타격을 실시하였으며, 이스라엘군은 레바논전 등 중동전에서 무인항공기를 활용하여 적 방공체계와 항공기를 감시하거나 기만할목적으로 운용하였다. 최근 들어 세계는 4차 산업혁명의 첨단기술과 연계하여 군사작전의효율성을 극대화하고, 미래 인구절벽에 따른 병력부족의 현실을 극복하며, ‘지뢰지대, 화생방오염지역, 험준한 애로지역 등’ 고위험지역에서 전투원의 생명을 보호하기 위하여 무인전투체계를 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 따라서 한국군도 외국군의 무인항공기 운용사례를 벤치마킹하고, 민간의 드론기술을 적극적으로 수용하여, 새로운 작전수행개념과 부대구조, 전력창출, 교리 등을 혁신적으로 발전시켜 나가야 한다.

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