NGUYỄN TRÃI, NGƯỜI ANH HÙNG, NHÀ VĂN, NHÀ THƠ LỚN CỦA VIỆT NAMTHỜITRUNGĐẠI

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Nguyen Trai (1380 – 1442) also known as Uc Trai, came from a family of patriotic, loyal and literary tradition. He was born and growing up in a period of significant historical changes which made him always aware of the importance of the nation and the people’s detiny. Although being a blood of Tran’s family, Nguyen Trai decided to become a follower of Ho’s dynasty to against Tran’s slippage. He participated in Lam Son uprising and became a great help for Le Loi to battle against Minh’s invasion. He wrote B inh N go dai cao – the Declaration of Independence in 1428 to mark the victory against Minh’s dynasty. In peaceful time, Nguyen Trai felt the emperor’s faith in him was declining and decided to resign and to cocoon in Con Son; and only came back to revival the country as being assigned by King Le Thai Tong.
Nguyen Trai was accused unfairly in Le Chi vien case in 1442 which caused him his life and the death of three generations of his family. It was a great tragedy of a genius, a great character and a great historical loss of a era.. By Le Thanh Tong dynasty, the truth about the tragic case was revealed and King Le announced Nguyen Trai’s innocence in 1464.
We now inherit from Nguyen Trai huge collections of compositions. The collection written in Han are: Quan trung tu menh tap, Binh Ngo dai cao, Uc Trait hi tap, Chi Linh son phu, Van bia Vinh Lang, Bang H o di su luc, D u dia chi and ect. Nguyen Trai’s compositions are also written in Nom, including Quoc am thi tap – a content of 254 poems which is the largest existing ancient Nom poem collection.Nguyen Trai is a great writer, His writings reflect his progressive conception of literature, self-consciousness in political and moral functions of literature. To him, literature is a weapon of social strives. His concept of Nhan nghia means that people have moral content and political view of Confucianism which should be the fundamental moral principles of feudal society. Nhan nghia in his writings means to be pastriotic and a love to the people, to defense the nation’s borders and independence, to battle against foreign aggression, to create good life for the people.
Quan trung tu menh tap is a collection of letters calling for enemy’s surrender to restrict war concequences. Each letter carries the power of justice and the magnanimous spirit of heroic anti-invasion era. Binh Ngo dai cao is simultaneously a summary of national war of resistance and a literature masterpiece of patriotism and national pride, expressing the power of the people. Quant rung tu menh tap and Binh N go dai cao reach the pinnacle of literature art which create Nguyen Trai as a literature genius.
Nguyen Trai is also an outstanding poet. His poems show a love of nature and a rich poetry soul. Uc Trai thi tap – a poem collection written in Han about the natural landscape of the country, for example: Bach Dang, Than Phu, Long Dai, Vong Doanh, Van Don, Duc Thuy, Con Son, Yen Tu and ect.
This collection embraces an enormous space of nature to historical sights.
The major of Quoc am thi tap was composed within Nguyen Trai’s time of cocooning. This collections describe the nature of mountainous landscapes, rural life associated with Confucians’ gracious life style Also, Uc Trai is written about normal and simple things in daily life such as:
vegetable, bean and ect. which are new figures in scholar poetry and are able to contribute values to the compositions.
Nom poetry of Nguyen Trai shows love, the closeness and harmony between man and nature to upbring a rich and subtle soul of poetry.
Nguyen Trai’s poems express his life justification and outstanding qualities. His writings are about a loyal heart, life justification and courage. Uc Trai always wants to express a great social ideal which mean a desire to bring prosperity and happiness to the people. Quoc am thi tap, not only describes nature but also imply moral content, is always valued by many Vietnamese generations.