李汝珍의 生平과 著作 = ON THE BIOGRAPHY AND WRITINGS OF LI RU-ZHEN
저자
河正玉 (숙명여자대학교 文科大)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1980
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Korean
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Li Ru-zhen was born in 1763 in Daxing, Hopei province in China and probably died in 1830. At a time when passing the Imperial Civil Service Examinations was the prerequisite for an official career, and an official career was the only way of living open to scholars, he rebelled against Ba-Gu Wen or the Eight-Legged Essay, a fixed style of composition which was one of the requirments of the Examinations. Thus, he failed to pass any but county level of the Imperial Examinations.
At about twenty in 1782, he was brought to Haichow in Kiangsu province by his elder brother, who had been appointed an official in the Salt Bureau there. He was immediately attracted by the profound learning of the great scholar Ling Ting-kan(1757-1809), with whom he studied the classics, linguistics, and phonology. With an almost endless appetite for content subjects, he also became an expert in astrology, medicine, mathematics, rhetoric, poetry, calligraphy, painting, music, chess and parlor games, all of which contributed to the writing of his novel.
For one brief period in 1891, he went to work in the Honan provincial government as an assistant to the magistrate, and there had a part in building dykes to prevent the flooding of the Yellow River. We do not know how good a dyke-builder he was, but it's a fair chance that while there, he did not try very hard to advance his position in government.
He was a man of active mind, and that he did not support himself or have an official post did not mean that he was idle. During the Qing Dynasty, China was ruled by the Manchus, who persecuted Chinese scholars. The Qing rulers were particularly sensitive to scholars dealing with the history of relations between the Chinese people and the border tribes. A mere glance at the numerous instances making up the so-called literary inquisition, in which many innocent writers were mercilessly punished, will impress the modern reader with the wisdom of choice made by the great majority of schoars of those days in seeking refuge in philological and exegetical commentaries on the Confucian classics and in the bypaths of ancient semantics and phonolgy. As a result, the cherished standard in scholarship was evidence based on facts. With the growth of this new ideal of erudition and emphasis on verifiable knowledge it was only natural that the learned would belittle what was avowedly fictional.
A great exception to the rule was a scholar who excelled in many specialties and who had distinguished himself especially in phonological researches, but whose luck in the competitive examination halls varied inversely with the growth of his erudition. Toward the end of his life, spending his days listlessly at the seaport county of Haichow, he devoted more than ten years to the writing of a peculiar novel, Jing-hua-yuan or the Romance of the Flowers in the Mirror.
His one novel, Jing-hua-yuan, consisting of a hundred chapters, shows remarkable diversity in both narrative content and purpose. Critics has observed that it is encyclopedic in scope, and suggested that it reflects the wide range of interests and activities prevalent among scholars in early nineteenth-century China. The author's intention has been variously interpreted as private entertainment, display of erudition, or social criticism. It may be the most succinct statement of this diversity to descibe the work as an inimitable blend of mythology and adventure story, fantasy and allegory, satire and straight instruction, throughout informed with learning and sustained by wit, with an admixture of games and puzzles for the unhurried readers.
Before he tried his hand at a novel, he had won recognition as a scholar with a treatise on phonology entitled Yin-jian or the Mirror of Phonology, a work in which he contrasted ancient pronunciation with current speech, a daring innovation in the field. It was probably his refusal to become circumscribed by the technique of the Eight-Legged Essay that made him bold enough to become a novelist. Besides, his keen appetite for oriental chess made him have collected the chess manuals and publish shou-zi-pu or the Genealogical Table of Oriental Chess Playing, which contains more than two hundred playing cases of the celebrated chess players in Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlung and Jiaquing period in Qing Dynasty.
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