고려 현종의 즉위와 거란의 침략 원인

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

King Hyeon-jong(顯宗)'s accession to the throne was the result of a series of political turmoil represented in Kim Chi-yang(金致陽)'s attempt for coup d'etatand Gang Jo(康兆)'s coup d'etat. Those political events seem to be mutually related to each other in that they caused the Kitan(契丹) to invade Goryeo(高麗), and yet it'shard to say the concrete details have been illuminated. There is few research results on the matter of the Kitan's invasion into Goryeo, which can be attributed to the fact that those events took place in a very short period of time, which was two months, in the12th year of King Mok-jong(穆宗)'s reign and that there are poor historical data regarding them. The limitations with the historical data have presented a huge obstacle to their study. Both Goryeo and the Kitan left documents commonly saying that Gang Jo'scoupd'etat caused the latter's invasion but offering no accurate records about the actual motivations.
Considering those, this study tried to connect the events to their contemporary times and situations and investigate the causes of the Kitan's second invasion into Goryeo. First, the Kitan's growth was under focus since they invaded Goryeo because they had the supporting capacity to do it. An understanding of the Kitan's invasion into Goryeo should be preceded by an understanding of both the countries. At the same time it's pointed out that the Kitan started to play a critical role in the international stage.
Then the nature of Kim Chi-yang's power was examined. As a priest,he dominated the political scene along with the Empress Dowager Cheonchu(千秋太后) and plotted a coup d'etat to have his son accede to the throne. His party tried to get rid of King Hyeon-jong, the grand son of King Tae-jo(太祖), and planned a plot to entrap their opposing figures such as loyal subjects and martyrs. Such an atmosphere was well reflected in the message announced in the fifth year of King Mok-jong's reign. It's worth focusing on how Kim Chi-yang's party acted in favor of the Kitan.
Following the nature of Kim Chi-yang's power, an investigation was conducted into the fire at the Cheonchujeon(千秋殿), King Mok-jong's abdication of the throne, and Gang Jo's coup d'etat to understand the situation in which King Hyeon-jong acceded to the throne. King Hyeon-jong's accession to the throne was made possible by the fire at the Cheonchujeon and King Mok-jong's decision, in which historical manner the Kitan's invasion was examined for the causes. In May of the next year when a year and three months had passed since Gang Jo's coup d'etat was there a discussion about invasion into Goryeo. In the following Novembe rthe Kitan finally invaded Goryeo. There are things difficult to understand in respect to the causes, however. It's a fact that King Hyeon-jong made constant efforts to appease the Kitan by sending envoys but the Kitan showed no reactions to the efforts and eventually came to conquer it. That process deserves more in-depth investigations.
An analys is was made of《Goryeosa(高麗史)》,《Goryeosajeolyo(高麗史節要)》, 《Yosa(遼史)》and 《Songsa(宋史)》with the reference of 《Guodaesa(舊五代史)》, 《Goerangukji(契丹國志)》, 《Yosaseupyu(遼史拾遺)》,《Yosaseupyubo(遼史拾遺補)》,and《Songsashinpyeon(宋史新編)》.
The causes of the Kitan's invasion into Goryeo have everything to do with its growth. They debuted in the international stage as a new star threatening China, which had superior dominance over other nations in politics, culture, and military and played a pivotal role among the surrounding nations. After conquering Balhae(渤海), the Kitan destroyed the post Tang and Jin Dynasty. In 1004 they invaded Song(宋) Dynasty and then made a treaty called Oath of Jeonyeon((澶淵之盟) with it. With the peace agreement made with Song Dynasty, the Kitan could afford to turn their attention to Goryeo.
About the time King Mok-jong acceded to the throne in Goryeo, which was actually run by Empress Dowager Cheonchu that later hired Kim Chi-yang. Kim Chi-yang abused his relationships with Empress Dowager Cheonchu and had the nation's political power a this hands. He gradually expanded his political foundation by planting his party in the government. There was resistance against his growing power, and its presence was proved in the anti-Kim Chi-yang associations and the message announced in the fifth year of King Mok-jong's reign. But the problem was that King Mok-jong never overcame the regent called Empress Dowager Cheonchu. To make things worse, the Kitan-friendly forces gained more momentum as Goryeo gave the Jirido(地理圖) to the Kitan and they bestowed King Mok-jong with a title of subject in the tenth year of his rule. Kim Chi-yang chose the Kitan-friendly line in order to solidify his position and have his son accede to the throne.
In the middle of the extreme political tension and confusion did King Hyeon-jong accede to the throne. There was a fire at Cheonchujeon, Kim Chi-yang planned a coupd'etat, and Gang Jo actually attempted one. The Kim Chi-yang party was responsible for the fire at Cheonchujeon, and King Mok-jong's decision served as an important variable. Thus King Hyeon-jong was able to accede to the throne before Kim Chi-yang's coup d'etat. But nothing could prevented Gang Jo's coup d'etat, which seemed to caused the Kitan to invade Goryeo.
In November,1010 the emperor of the Kitan personally led the army to invade Goryeo. The ultimate goal of the invasion was to restore the Kitan-friendly power that was removed in the Goryeo government because King Hyeon-jong's accession to the throne meant the Kitan-friendly party was removed. Thus King Hyeon-jong's accession to the throne would result in irrational pressure from the Kitan in any way possible. Understanding that, Goryeo sent envoys to the Kitan constantly and made active diplomatic efforts to which the Kitan made no reactions. After delaying the ceremony to appoint King Hyeon-jong asaking and accept him as one, the Kitan made an invasion into Goryeo in November the following year. The invasion meant that the Kitan wouldn't accept King Hyeon-jong's accession to the throne and implied that they knew about the internal events of Goryeo in the12th year of King Mok-jong's reign from the beginning, assuming that King Hyeon-jong's accession to the throne was resistance against the Kitan-friendly influences in Goryeo. Accordingly it's safe to say that there algoal of the Kitan's invasion into Goryeo was to punish the anti-Kitan party and establish a Kitan-friendly government.
The study, however, has its own limitations. First, the conflicts and confrontations between the political forces and the Kim Chi-yang party weren't investigated fully by failing to examine the nature of the former. In addition, a focus was not placed on Gang Jo's coup d'et at itself, but it's important to notice that the coup d'etat was the result of reactions against the Kitan-friendly forces. This kind of new perspective should be taken in studying the patterns and flows of the political power during King Mok-jong's reign. Second, there was no in-depth analysis of Chinese documents, which was due to the investigator's lack of capacity and to no interest paid by the society. In the future more empirical study should be done on the matter.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• I.머리말 = 1
• II.契丹의 成長 = 3
• III.穆宗代金致陽勢力의 性格 = 11
• Ⅳ.顯宗의 卽位와 契丹의 侵入 = 21
• 1.顯宗의 즉위와 康兆의 政變 = 21
• 2.契丹의 侵略과 그 原因 = 27
• V.맺음말 = 35
• 參考文獻 = 37
• 국문초록 = 41
• Abstract = 44