Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Tridemorph Determination in Tea Samples by Liquid Chromatograph-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Tridemorph is a systemic morpholine fungicide for crops. The objective of this study was todevelop reliable and sensitive analytical method for determination of tridemorph residues in tea samples for ensuringthe food safety. Tridemorph residues in samples were extracted with acetonitrile after hydration, partitioned withsaline water, and then purified using an aminopropyl (NH2) SPE cartridge. The purified samples were detected andquantified using LC-ESI-MS/MS. The linear detection limits for tridemorph ranged from 0.02 to 1.0 mg L−1 with acorrelation coefficient of 0.9999. The method was validated using tea samples spiked with tridemorph at different concentrationlevels (0.02 and 0.05 μg mL−1). The average recovery ranged between 75.0 and 84.7% with relative standarddeviations less than 10%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.01 and 0.02 mg L−1, respectively. The developed method wasapplied successfully to the identification of tridemorph in real tea samples obtained from different sources, and tridemorphwas not detected in any of the samples. The results show that the developed analytical method is accurate andsuitable for tridemorph determination in tea samples.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Dhingra, V, 5 : 32-33, 2009
• 2 "http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/Issue/pn48/pn48p17a.htm"
• 3 "http://www.m5.ws001.squarestart.ne.jp/foundation/agrdtl. php?a_inq=45000"
• 4 "http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/press/Releases/food-agriculture/2012/pesticides- testing-lipton-tea/"
• 5 "http://www.codexalimentarius.net/pestres/data/pesticides/index. html?lang=en"
• 6 "http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07. html"
• 7 "http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm?event =substance.resultat&s=1"
• 8 Aysal, P., "Validation of an efficient method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using ethyl acetate for extraction" 42 : 81-90, 2007
• 9 Ramulu, S, "US Chemistry of Insecticides and Fungicides" Oxford & IBH Publication Co 1979
• 10 Stahl, E, "Thin Layer Chromatography - A Laboratory Handbook" Springer Berlin Heidelberg 1969
• 11 Cotterill, E.G, "The efficiency of methanol for the extraction of some herbicide residues from soil" 11 (11): 23-28, 1980
• 12 wir-Ferenc, M.B, "Solid phase extraction - trends, opportunities and applications" 15 : 677-690, 2006
• 13 Blasco, C., "Simultaneous determination of imidacloprid, carbendazim, methiocarb and hexythiazox in peaches and nectarines by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry" 461 : 109-116, 2002
• 14 Mills, P. A., "Rapid method for chlorinated pesticide residues in nonfatty foods" 46 : 186-191, 1963
• 15 Gozde Turkoz B., "Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from the Aegean region,Turkey" 160 : 379-392, 2014
• 16 Wong, J. W., "Multiresidue pesticide analysis of ginseng powders using acetonitrile- or acetone-based extraction, solidphase extraction cleanup, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM) or -tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS)" 58 : 5884-5896, 2010
• 17 Joe, T, "Multi-residue pesticide screens, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Division of Inspection Services, Chemistry Laboratory Services Branch, Pesticide Residue Program"
• 18 Taylor, M. J., "Multi-residue method for rapid screening and confirmation of pesticides in crude extracts of fruits and vegetables using isocratic liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry" 982 : 225-236, 2002
• 19 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, "Multi class pesticide multiresidue methods. In Korean Food Standards Codex. 10-4-10"
• 20 Garrido Frenich, A., "Monitoring multiclass pesticide residues in fresh fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry" 1048 : 199-206, 2004
• 21 Pesticide Usage Survey Group, "MAFF, Pers. comm."
• 22 Bester, K., "How to overcome matrix effects in the determination of pesticides in fruit by HPLC-ESI-MS-MS" 371 : 550-555, 2001
• 23 Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, "Food Code"
• 24 Luke, M. A., "Extraction and cleanup of organochlorine, organophosphate, organonitrogen, and hydrocarbon pesticides in produce for determination by gas-liquid chromatography" 56 : 1020-1026, 1975
• 25 Zaroma, T., "Dtermination of tridemorph and other fungicide residues in fruit samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry" 1045 : 137-143, 2004
• 26 Raphaella P. Carneiro, "Development and method validation for determination of 128 pesticides in bananas by modified QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis" 33 : 413-423, 2013
• 27 Tsipi, D., "Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in honey, applying solid phase extraction with RP-C18 material" 124 : 473-475, 1999
• 28 Maurice H., "Comprehensive multi-residue method for the target analysis of pesticides in crops using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry" 1154 : 3-25, 2007
• 29 Pihlström, T., "Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables with ethyl acetate extraction using gas and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection" 386 : 1773-1789, 2007
• 30 Schenck, F.J, "Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples" CRC Press 154-, 2008
• 31 Abul Kalam, A, "Action of the fungicide tridemorph on the glucose, lactate and succinate dehydrogenase activities of some tridemorph-sensitive and -resistant bacteria" 43 : 41-45, 1995
• 32 AOAC, "AOAC Official 2007.01 Method: Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile Extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium Sulfate" 485-493, 2007