일제강점기 유학의 계승과 문화적 담론의 한 양상 — 普亭 金正會의 文藝論을 중심으로 — = The Transmission of Confucianism and an Aspect of Cultural Discourse during the Japanese Colonial Period : A Study of Kim Jeong-hoe’s Discourse on Literature and the Arts

국문 초록 (Abstract)

19세기 조선의 유학계는 4개 학파로 분파되어 이른바 ‘심설(心說) 논쟁’이 치열하였다. 즉 한주⋅화서⋅노사⋅간재 학파는 각기 철학적 입장을 계승하면서 조선 유학의 대미를 장식하였다. 20세기의 유학자들은 숙명적으로 시대적 변화에 따른 처신과 유학의 계승이라는 두 가지 문제를 안고 있었다. 보정 김정회는 노사학파의 재전문인이다.
일제강점기에 보정은 서울 明倫學院에 진학하여 근대식 유학교육을 받았다. 전통을 고집할 수 없는 현실에서 시대적 변화를 수용한 것이다. 이후 보정은 유학의 전통을 계승하기 위하여 孔門四科 즉 德行⋅言語⋅政事⋅文學 중 ‘문학’을 자신의 사명으로 삼았다.
이에 北宋 馬存의 문예창작론을 수용하여 ‘산수유람’을 강조하였다. 유람을 통해 시대적 울분을 삭이고, 호연지기를 길러 문학적으로 승화하고자 하였다. 한편으로는 書畵로써 자오하며 심성을 수양하였다. 歐陽脩의 詩論 ‘窮而工’론을 수용하여 ‘窮而妙’라는 예술론을 정립하고, 서화 작품으로 이를 구현하였다.
결론적으로 보정 김정회의 문예론을 통하여 일제강점기 유학의 계승과 유학자의 현실적 처세를 이해할 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The community of Confucian scholars in Joseon in the 19th century was divided into four schools and had a fierce dispute called the “a discussion of the mind” That is, the Hanju, Hwaseo, Nosa, and Ganjae Schools inherited their respective philosophical positions, becoming the grand finale of Joseon's Confucianism. In Joseon, Confucian scholars of the 20th century fatefully had two issues. One was how to conduct oneself according to the changes of the times, and the other was how to inherit Confucianism.
Bojeong Kim Jeong-hoi was a Jaejeon literary figure from the Nosa School. During the Japanese colonial rule, he entered the Myeongryun Academy in Seoul and received modern Confucian education there. It was a way that he accepted the changes of the times in reality where he could insist on the tradition no longer. Then he chose “literature” as his calling to inherit the Confucian tradition. Literature was one of Gongmunsagwa that includes virtuous conduct, languages, political affairs, and literature.
He accepted the literary creation theory by Majon of Northern Song, emphasizing “landscape sightseeing.” He tried to mitigate his pent-up anger for the times through sightseeing and sublimate it literarily by cultivating a vast spirit. He also trained his mind by facing and enduring the times with his paintings and calligraphic works. He also established an art theory called “When you're in trouble, it's mysterious” by accepting Ouyang Xiu's poetry theory called “When you're in trouble, you become sophisticate” and embodied his theory with his paintings and calligraphic works.
In short, the study promoted an understanding of a Confucian scholar's anguish for the times and realistic conduct in the 20th century based on Bojeong Kim Jeong-hoi's literature theory.