존 듀이의 신앙관과 민주주의 사상

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is aimed at exploring the viewpoint of faith and religious life of John Dewey(1859-1952) which had a great impact on the formation of his democratic ideas. As we know, Dewey had a great influence not only on new culture and educational thought of America, but also on great shock to new trends of the intellectual studies of the world. Of course, his ideas of the progressive education and democratic society were criticized at his times in many ways. But his heritage was now begun to reexamine in the fruit of the active and diverse movements of reinterpretation of his original ideas in which his works, including hundreds of essays and over 30 books were collected, annotated and published in 1960s. It is of great significance to reevaluate his integral thoughts for those people who have inquired the realization of the right democratic society and new patterns of daily life in complicated modem society. The reason is why his democratic idea based on the genuine religious faith and the Christian truth which he experienced in his youth could present the new horizon and alternative for the existential problems of the lost humanity, the confusion of moral value and the spiritual impotence of many people in the rapidly change of modem society Southern and culture. And It is of enormous meaning to reinterpret and hear of a Deweyan voice which has developed the creative democratic ideal to enlighten new moral-religious faith and the idea of life-awe in the midst of the critical situations of modem society. This paper consists of three parts in which we can recognize that his early religious experience and faith had an absolute and basic impact on the formation of democratic thought and progressive education. Reversely we can find out the unified perspective and vision of his democratic theme and essence which he established throughout his life long experience by analyzing his unique religious faith and theological value which has formated the foundation of his democratic thought. First, this paper will deal with the faith education in which he was instructed by his mother and the Sunday school from his early times, and the democratic environment and the natural atmosphere in which he was grown in the early immigrant community of Burlington, Vermont. It is obvious that those elements of his family education and the democratic process of his growth have absolutely influenced on his religious faith and moral integrity. Second, Dewey's viewpoint of faith will be dealt with, which was founded not only on his early religious experience, but also on the traditional Calvinism and German idealism at the Vermont University, and Neo-Hegelian idealism, Bio -logical evolution and new Psychology at the Johns Hopkins University. It will include his understanding of faith, and God in which his unique theory of the organic unity was combined with his philosophical-scientific thoughts and religious theology. Third, his democratic ideas will be discussed with as the main theme of this study, which was basically founded on the Bible: the democracy and incarnation; the democracy and the revelation of the truth; and the democracy and the Kingdom of God. Ultimately his democratic essence on the basis of the Biblical truth is to make all people form the moral-religious qualification sharing them with the equal opportunity, human rights and freedom which can create and then sustain the democratic society. In the end, the democratic society and its life-pattern can be led by the religious faith in the possibility of the humanity, a faith in the innate potentiality of all people such as the natural world has shown all the things to all beings regardless of race, sex, culture and religion. Thus the democratic society is the locus in which all people are able to practice the Christian faith and its truth In this sense, the true democratic life, for Dewey, is synonymous with the practical religion.