조선후기 화승 연구(2): 해운당 익찬 = A Study on the Late Chosun Monk Painter(2) Haewundang Ikchan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Haewundang (海雲堂) Ikchan(益贊) was a monk painter who worked in Jeonra-do area in the 19th centuy. He was one of the remarkable monk painters around Jeonra-do including CHeonyeo(天如) and Naewon(乃圓). Currently his life story is not known in detail. It seems that he was born around 1800, started paining around 1820, painted for 40 years till around 1860, and passed away between 1860 and 1870. Presently approximately 30 paintings are transcended. He was an assistant of Cheonyeo or Naewon till approximately 1845, and he became `Chief Assistant Painter` around 1850. In 1854 he became a `Chief Painter`, and he painted many paintings during the period. His works may be divided into four phases, considering the time he lived and the role he played. The first phase is 1820~1830. Only two paintings of this period exist today. Although he was an assistant, the characteristic Buddhist painting was already composed to some extent. In the second phase(1830~1840) he painted with the remarkable monk painters, Cheonyeo and Naewon. He could learn the characteristics of Buddhist paintings in Jeonra-do. In the third phase(1840~1850), he worked with Cheonyeo and Naewon, or worked independently with his own assistants. He succeeded to Euigyeom(義兼), an 18th century monk painter, In the fourth phase(1850~1862), he painted actively and produced many Buddhist paintings in large temples in Jeonranam-do and Jeonrabuk-do as a Chief painter. In particular, he produced `Three Buddha Painting(三佛會圖)` in Hwaeomsa, drawn to pray for the wllness of the royal family. It is a masterpiece that he painted with 30 assistant monks. His mature brush movement and skills are shown in the painting. Although he might paint more after this, no works after 1862 are left now. Looking into the characteristics of his Buddhist painting, he produced paintings with different compositions from traditional Buddhist paintings. The same characteristic is also found in the works of Cheonyeo, one of the best painting monks in Jeonra-do area. It found in the works of Cheonyeo, one of the best painting monks in Jeonra-do area. It played an important role in 19th century Buddhist paintings to have various compositions. People on his paintings have big and round faces, bold foreheads and small eyes, noses and ears. He followed traditional Buddhist coloring techniques such as using red and green as base colors. But he used white color frequently. Additionally, he used light green and black ink as well. Although the tradition he established was succeeded by his fellows including Deokrin(德麟), Dosun(道詢) and Juneon(後彦), generally the tradition was not succeeded to the descendants and Jeonra-do Buddhist paintings that succeeded to the traditional style could not be transcended any more.