젠더 기반 온라인 폭력으로서 여성기자 괴롭힘의 양상과 대처 전략 = Gender-based Online Violence Against Korean Female Journalists and their Coping Strategies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to examine the impact of harassment of Korean female journalists as gender-based online violence and the coping strategies they use to deal with it. Based on in-depth interviews with 21 journalists, harassment of female journalists was found to be ‘routine’ regardless of their age, department, or political orientation. Various types of harassment were reported from hateful and sexually harassing messages transmitted through malicious article comments, SNS direct messages, emails, and phone calls to public humiliation, doxing, cyberbullying, and even physical assaults. Psychological damage caused by harassment includes discomfort and anger in the short term and anxiety, fear, and helplessness in the long run. In response to harassment, female reporters mostly rely on individualistic coping strategies such as perfectionism and avoidance. The organization’s response to harassment of its journalists is divided into four categories: ignoring, neglecting, passive protection, and active protection. It then examines how each organization’s response method affects the internalization of female reporters’ harassment experiences and coping strategies. In conclusion this study suggests that harassment of female journalists should be regarded as gender-based online violence and concludes by recommending support measures.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국 여성기자들이 경험하고 있는 젠더 기반 폭력으로서의 온라인 괴롭힘의 양상과 이러한 폭력에 노출된 여성기자들의 대처 전략을 분석하였다. 현직 기자 21명과의 심층인터뷰 결과는 여성기자들에 대한 온라인 괴롭힘이 기자의 연차, 부서, 나이, 언론사의 정치성향을 아울러 나타나는 일상적이고 지속적인 현상임을 드러낸다. 괴롭힘 유형은 악성 댓글, 쪽지, 이메일, 전화 등을 통한 혐오성·성희롱성 메시지 보내기부터 온라인상의 개인 신상 및 얼굴 공개, 박제, 조리돌림, 오프라인 공격 등이 있었다. 이러한 괴롭힘을 경험한 여성기자들은 단기적으로는 불쾌감과 분노를, 장기적으로는 무력감과 두려움·불안 등의 심리적 고통을 겪고 있었다. 온라인 괴롭힘에 대처하기 위해 여성기자들은 주로 완벽주의 추구와 회피 등의 개인적 대응 전략을 활용하고 있었다. 본 연구는 온라인 괴롭힘 문제에 대한 언론사들의 대응 방식을 무시형, 회피형, 소극적 보호형, 적극적 보호형으로 유형화하였고, 이러한 조직 차원의 대응 방식이 여성기자들의 괴롭힘 경험 내면화와 대처 방식 개발 및 선택에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이상의 분석을 토대로 본 연구는 여성기자 대상 온라인 괴롭힘을 젠더 기반 온라인 폭력으로 봐야 한다고 제안하였고, 이에 따른 지원책을 강구하였다.

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