소제기 방식과 요건에 관한 연구 - ICJ의 소송절차를 중심으로 - = A Study on Instituting Proceedings in ICJ

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The contentious jurisdiction of the ICJ is based on parties’ consent. States give their consent through various means including special agreement, judicial clause included in bilateral and multilateral treaties, acceptance of optional clause and acceptance of the Court’s jurisdiction after application.
ICJ Statutes stipulates two methods of instituting proceedings: notification of special agreement and application. When it comes to notification of special agreement, one party or parties may institute proceedings by submitting the special agreement to the ICJ.
A party may unilaterally institute a proceeding by application, which includes subjects of disputes and submission. The subjects of disputes and submission included in application may restrict the parties’s freedom to amend or complement them in later stages such as memorial and oral proceedings.
It is up to defendants whether only to raise preliminary objections, to request dismissal of the claims, or to raise their claims by making counter-claims, taking into account the outcome of the trial. Filing counter-claims is likely to contribute to strengthening defendants’ position. When filing counter-claims by counter-memorial, the jurisdictional link and direct connection with the subject matter of the claim should be taken into account.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

ICJ의 쟁송관할권은 당사자의 동의에 기초한다. 국가가 ICJ의 관할권에 동의하는 방법으로는 특별협정의 체결, 다자 및 양자조약의 재판조항, 선택조항의 수락, 소제기 이후의 관할권의 수락 등 다양하다.
ICJ규정은 제소의 방식과 관련하여 특별협정의 통지(notification of special agreement)와 신청(application) 등 2가지의 방식을 규정하고 있다. 특별협정의 통지가 이용되는 경우에 당사자의 일방 또는 쌍방은 특별협정을 첨부하여 ICJ에 대하여 특정의 분쟁을 ICJ에 회부하여 해결하기로 합의하였다는 사실을 통지한다.
신청에 있어서는 당사자의 일방이 단독으로 분쟁의 주제, 재판소의 심판의 대상을 구성하여 소송절차를 개시할 수 있다. 당사자가 신청서에서 신청의 주제나 청구취지를 명시하면 나중에 메모리얼 및 구술변론을 통하여 그 내용을 변경하거나 추가하는 데에는 일정한 제한이 있다.
본소에 대하여 단순히 선결적 항변을 제기하거나 본소 청구의 기각만을 구할 것인지 아니면 반소를 제기하여 적극적으로 청구를 제기할 것인지는 피제소국이 승소가능성 등으로 고려하여 결정할 문제이다. 단순히 청구의 기각을 구하는 것보다 반소를 통하여 적극적인 청구를 하는 것은 궁극적으로 피제소국의 입장을 강화해줄 가능성이 높다. 다만, 피제소국이 답변서를 통하여 반소를 제기할 때에는 관할권 유무 및 본소 주제와의 관련성 등 반소의 요건을 고려해야 한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 "http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/64/9545.pdf"
• 2 "http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/114/7173.pdf"
• 3 Yee, Sienho, "The Statute of the International Court of Justice; A Commentary" Oxford University Press 2012
• 4 "Request for an Examination of the Situation in Accordance with Paragraph 63 of the Court’s Judgment of 20 December 1974 in the Nuclear Tests (New Zealand v. France) Case, I.C.J. Reports 1995"
• 5 Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. United States of America), "Provisonal Measures, Order of 2 June 1999, I.C.J. Reports 1999"
• 6 Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Netherlands), "Provisional Measures, Order of 2 June 1999, I.C.J. Reports 1999"
• 7 Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo/France), "Provisional Measures, Order of 17 June, 2003, I.C.J. Reports 2003"
• 8 Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia), "Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J Reports 1992"
• 9 Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), "Preliminary Objection, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1996, p. 803"
• 10 Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo), "Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2010"
• 11 Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), "Merits, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1986"
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• 13 Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain, "Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1994"
• 14 Certain Questions in Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (Djibouti v. France), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports, 2008"
• 15 Territorial and Maritime Dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports, 2007"
• 16 Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports, 1994"
• 17 United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Teheran, "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports, 1980"
• 18 Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece Intervening), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012"
• 19 Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2007"
• 20 Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening), "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2001"
• 21 North Continental Shelf, "Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1969"
• 22 Colombian-Peruvian asylum case, "Judgment of November 20th, 1950: I.C.J. Reports 1950"
• 23 The Minquiers and Ecrehos case, "Judgment of November 17th, 1953: I.C.J. Reports 1953"
• 24 Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy), "Counter-Claim, Order of 6 July 2010, I.C.J. Reports 2010"
• 25 Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), "Counter-Claim, Order of 10 March 1998, I.C.J. Reports 1998"