習靜 宋邦祚의 삶과 詩世界 硏究 ― ‘直道而事人’의 삶의 態度를 중심으로 ― = A Study on the Life and Poetic World of Seupjeong Song Bang-jo(習靜 宋邦祚)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 習靜 宋邦祚의 삶과 詩世界를 살펴보는데 목적을 두었다. Ⅱ장에서는 송방조의 생애를 살펴보았다. 송방조는 剛直한 성품과 文才를 지니고 40세의 늦은 나이에 문과에 급제하여 權知承文院正字로부터 벼슬살이를 시작하였다. 그는 약 12년간 관직생활을 하였는데, 6년간은 중앙에서 承文院 著作, 博士, 成均館 典籍, 兵曹佐郎 등을 역임하였고 6년간은 金郊道 察訪, 高山道 察訪, 平安道 評事 등 외직을 전전하였다. 송방조의 생애에서 주목되는 것은 不義에 타협할 줄 모르는 강직한 성품과 관리로서의 공정함이라고 할 수 있다.
Ⅲ장에서는 宋邦祚의 시세계를 現實認識과 삶의 態度의 측면에서 살펴보았다. 宋邦祚가 인식한 당대의 정치현실은 秦나라와 같은 混濁한 세상이었다. 내부적으로는 ‘어진 자가 인정받지 못하는 현실’, ‘난새와 봉황은 없고 올빼미와 부엉이가 존재하는 末世’ ‘우물에 빠진 사람을 구하기는커녕 도리어 돌을 던져 곤경에 빠뜨리는 위태로운 세상’ 등으로 구체화되어 나타난다. 그럼에도 송방조는 정치현실을 떠나가지 않고 지속적으로 참여하였는데, 이는 자신의 道를 곧게 하여 군주를 섬기는 柳下惠의 ‘直道而事人’의 삶의 태도를 송방조가 견지하였기 때문이다. 송방조가 ‘直道而事人’의 삶의 태도를 견지했다고 하여 내면적으로 고뇌가 없었던 것은 아니었다. 그는 北人들에 의해 중앙에서 밀려나 외직을 떠돌게 되자 懷才不遇의 심정, 낮은 관직을 떠도는 괴로움, 쓸쓸함, 고향에 대한 그리움 등을 시로 형상화하고 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to explore the life and poetic world of Seupjeong Song Bang-jo (宋邦祚). Although Song Bang-jo is not widely known, he was celebrated for his upright character and exceptional literary talent as the elder uncle of Song Si-yeol (宋時烈). Accordingly, examining Song Bang-jo's life and poetry is meaningful in elucidating the lives and literary characteristics of Seoin(西人系, Westerners) literati in the early 17th century.
Chapter Ⅱ examines the life of Song Bang-jo. This chapter explores the life of Song Bang-jo, a man of upright character and exceptional literary talent. He began his official career relatively late, passing the civil service examination at the age of 40 and assuming the position of Gwonji Seungmunwon Jeongja(權知承文院正字).
Song Bang-jo served in official positions for approximately 12 years, with 6 years spent in central government roles, including positions such as Jeojak(著作) in the Seungmunwon, Baksa(博士), Jeonjeok(典籍) at Sungkyunkwan, and Jorang (佐郎) in the Ministry of Military Affairs(兵曹). However, his uncompromising integrity and refusal to yield to injustice led to his ostracization by the Northerners(Buk-in, 北人).
As a result, he spent the subsequent 6 years holding regional posts, including Chalbang(察訪) of Gimgyodo(金郊道) and Gosando(高山道), as well as Pyeongsa (評事) in Pyeongan Province. He eventually passed away at the age of 52 at Yongcheon-gwan(龍川館), marking the end of his.
Chapter Ⅲ examines Song Bang-jo's poetic world from the perspectives of his perception of reality and attitude toward life.
This approach stems from the understanding that Song Bang-jo's perspective on political realities as a bureaucrat and his corresponding attitude toward life are key to understanding his poetic world.
Song Bang-jo perceived the realities of his time as chaotic, akin to the turbulent Qin dynasty. Internally, he depicted his era as "a decadent age devoid of rare birds and phoenixes, inhabited instead by owls and horned owls" and as "a perilous world where people not only fail to rescue those who fall into wells but even throw stones to worsen their plight." Despite such bleak realities, Song Bang-jo consistently engaged in politics, grounded in his upright character. Even when demoted to external posts and repeatedly assigned to military roles, he did not abandon the political realm. This steadfastness reflects his adherence to the philosophy of "Jikdo i sasin"(直道而事人), meaning "serving one's ruler with a straight path of integrity," as exemplified by Liu Xiahui(柳下惠).
However, Song Bang-jo's commitment to "Jikdo i sasin" did not preclude him from experiencing human struggles. As he wandered through external appointments after being ostracized by the Northerners(Buk-in, 北人), he poetically expressed his frustrations of unrealized talent(Huai caibu yu, 懷才不遇), the suffering of serving in low-ranking positions, the ensuing loneliness, and his longing for his hometown.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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