The Impact of Health Insurance on Education : Did the Expansions of the Medicaid Program Improve Teenagers' Educational Attainment? = 의료보험이 교육에 끼치는 영향 : 미국의 저소득층 의료 보장 제도(Medicaid)가 10대 청소년들의 학업적 성취를 개선시켰는가?

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 임산부와 어린 아이들에게 제공되는 미국의 공공 의료 보험이 아이들의 학업적 성취에 끼친 영향을 미국의 저소득층 의료 보장 제도인 Medicaid 프로그램이 1984년과 1997년 사이 크게 확장된 사실을 사용하여 조사하였습니다. 이 논문에서 저는 2000년도에서 2011년사이 16세에서 18세 사이의 청소년들의 현재 학교 취학률과 고등학교 졸업률 통계자료를 the American Community Survey에서 얻었습니다. 그리고 미국의 각 주의 임산부와 어린 아이들의 Medicaid에 가입할 수 있는 자격을 매년 모의 프로그램을 통하여 추정하였습니다. 그리고 이 추정된 자격률이 학생들이 고등학교를 졸업하기 전에 학교를 중간에 그만두는 확률에 끼치는 영향을 통계적 수치로 계산하였습니다. 그 결과 학생의 어린 시절 미국 Medicaid 프로그램에 가입할 수 있는 확률은 그 학생이 백인 여성 그리고 모친이 고등학교를 졸업한 경우에는 학생이 고등학교를 자퇴할 확률을 통계적으로 significant하게 낮추었지만 Medicaid 프로그램이 집중적으로 가입을 시키려고 하는 사회적으로 불리한 집단의 경우에는 그러지 못했습니다. 그렇지만 학생이 임산부의 태아로 있을 당시 Medicaid 프로그램의 자격률의 증가는 사회적으로 불리한 집단의 경우에도 의미있는 자퇴 확률의 감소가 있었습니다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigates the effect of public health insurance for pregnant women and young children on children’s educational attainment by exploiting the expansions of the Medicaid program during the period 1984-1997. I use data for current school enrollment and high school graduation status of teenagers between ages 16 and 18 in the American Community Survey for years 2000 through 2011. I then use the simulated Medicaid eligibility for pregnant women and young children in each state and year to estimate the effect of eligibility in early-life on the probability that a child drops out of school. The results show that eligibility in early childhood has significant effect on the educational attainment among whites, females and those whose mothers are high school graduates, but the effect is not significant among the disadvantaged group that is most likely to be targeted by Medicaid. Eligibility in utero, however, has fairly significant effect among the disadvantaged group targeted by Medicaid expansions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• I. Introduction
• II. Early-Life Health and Educational Attainment
• 1. Theoretical Background
• 2. Empirical Evidence
• III. Health Insurance and Child Outcomes
• 1. Understanding the Role of Health Insurance
• 2. The Effect of Health Insurance on Utilization
• 3. The Effect of Medicaid Expansions on Early-Life Health
• IV. Medicaid Expansions
• 1. Medicaid Eligibility
• 2. Medicaid Coverage
• V. Results
• 1. Linear Probability Models-Overall Results
• 2. Different Effects by Racial Groups
• VI. Analysis and Discussion
• 1. Different Propensity to Drop Out by Demographic Groups
• 2. The Effect of Medicaid Eligibility on School Dropout
• 3. The Implications of Crowd-Out for the Effect of Eligibility
• VII. Conclusion
• VIII. Figures and Tables
• 1. Figures
• 2. Tables
• Bibliography
• 국문초록

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