A precise look at electrospinning parameters in fabricating the polymeric nanofibers: a review on synthetic and natural polymers

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background Polymeric nanofibers have been used in various applications, including drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, biosensors, and implants. A wide range of cargoes such as drugs, metal nanoparticles, proteins, cells, and herbal extracts could be loaded into these systems. Among all the different methods of fabricating fibers, the electrospinning technique has got a significant interest. Fibers could be generated from synthetic and natural polymers and even the mixture of these polymers using simple, co-axial, or side-by-side spinneret. Polymers should be either dissolved or dispersed in their solvents, making solutions or emulsions, respectively. Electrospinning processing conditions, including solution parameters (polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, and solvent) and equipment parameters (feeding rate, applied voltage, needle-to-collector distance, and speed of collector in rotating collectors) could influence diameter, morphology, or orientation of nanofibers.
Area Covered This article highlights synthetic polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide, poly e-caprolactone, polylactic acid, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) and natural polymers (such as gelatin, chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, and zein) considering their electrospinning process variables. Also, the electrospinning process and formulation parameters are summarized in the most recent studies.
Expert Opinion Choosing proper electrospinning parameters is crucial in fabricating nanofibers. This article summarizes the most important electrospinning factors, including the active ingredient, molecular weight and concentration of applied polymers, solvent, voltage, etc. This article can provide a means to quickly assess the preparation conditions of nanofibers and guide formulators to choose the most suitable electrospinning conditions for nanofiber preparation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Hu M, "Zinc oxide/silver bimetallic nanoencapsulated in PVP/PCL nanofibres for improved antibacterial activity" 46 : 1248-1257, 2018
• 2 Khatri M, "Zein nanofibers via deep eutectic solvent electrospinning : tunable morphology with super hydrophilic properties" 10 : 15307-, 2020
• 3 Berardi A, "Zein as a pharmaceutical excipient in oral solid dosage forms : state of the art and future perspectives" 19 : 2009-2022, 2018
• 4 Ju HW, "Wound healing effect of electrospun silk fibroin nanomatrix in burn-model" 85 : 29-39, 2016
• 5 Jiang Q, "Water-stable electrospun collagen fibers from a non-toxic solvent and crosslinking system" 101 : 1237-1247, 2013
• 6 Lu Q, "Water-insoluble silk films with silk I structure" 6 : 1380-1387, 2010
• 7 Tsai RY, "Use of gum Arabic to improve the fabrication of chitosan-gelatin-based nanofibers for tissue engineering" 115 : 525-532, 2015
• 8 Ramadass SK, "Type I collagen peptides and nitric oxide releasing electrospun silk fibroin scaffold : a multifunctional approach for the treatment of ischemic chronic wounds" 175 : 636-643, 2019
• 9 Delgado LM, "To cross-link or not to cross-link? Cross-linking associated foreign body response of collagen-based devices" 21 : 298-313, 2015
• 10 Baudequin T, "The osteogenic and tenogenic differentiation potential of C3H10T1/2(mesenchymal stem cell model)cultured on PCL/PLA electrospun scaffolds in the absence of specific differentiation medium" 10 : 1387-, 2017
• 11 Keirouz A, "The history of electrospinning : past, present, and future developments" 8 : 2201723-, 2023
• 12 Martin-Alfonso JE, "The combined effect of formulation and pH on properties of polyethylene oxide composite fiber containing egg albumen protein" 112 : 996-1004, 2018
• 13 Toselli R, "The INSPIRE study: Probable benefit of the neuro-spinal scaffold for treatment of AIS a thoracic acute spinal cord injury"
• 14 Amiri N, "Teicoplanin-loaded chitosan-PEO nanofibers for local antibiotic delivery and wound healing" 162 : 645-656, 2020
• 15 Pezeshki-Modaress M, "Tailoring the gelatin/chitosan electrospun scaffold for application in skin tissue engineering : an in vitro study" 7 : 207-218, 2018
• 16 Theodosopoulos GV, "Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, polymacromonomers via anionic and ring opening metathesis polymerization" 9 : 145-, 2017
• 17 Batool F, "Synthesis of a novel electrospun polycaprolactone scaffold functionalized with ibuprofen for periodontal regeneration : an in vitro and in vivo study" 11 : 580-, 2018
• 18 Lin M, "Synergistic effect of co-delivering ciprofloxacin and tetracycline hydrochloride for promoted wound healing by utilizing coaxial PCL/gelatin nanofiber membrane" 23 : 1895-, 2022
• 19 Ferreira EF, "Sustainable packaging material based on PCL nanofibers and Lavandula luisieri essential oil, to preserve museological textiles" 14 : 597-, 2022
• 20 Campos DM, "Surface entrapment of fibronectin on electrospun PLGA scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering" 3 : 117-126, 2014
• 21 Zheng Y, "Supramolecular nanostructures based on cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene oxide) : Syntheses, structural characterizations and applications for drug delivery" 8 : 198-, 2016
• 22 Hassounah IA, "Studying the activity of antitubercluosis drugs inside electrospun polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, and polycaprolacton nanofibers" 102 : 4009-4016, 2014
• 23 Dong Z, "Study on regeneration of skin defects in diabetic ulcers treated with new electrospun material PLCL/Fg"
• 24 Abudula T, "Study of electrospinning parameters and collection methods on size distribution and orientation of PLA/PBS hybrid fiber using digital image processing" 18 : 8240-8251, 2018
• 25 Zong X, "Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes" 43 : 4403-4412, 2002
• 26 Sharma D, "Structurally optimized suture resistant polylactic acid(PLA)/poly(є-caprolactone)(PCL)blend based engineered nanofibrous mats" 116 : 104331-, 2021
• 27 Komur B, "Starch/PCL composite nanofibers by co-axial electrospinning technique for biomedical applications" 16 : 40-, 2017
• 28 Jirofti N, "Small-diameter vascular graft using co-electrospun composite PCL/PU nanofibers" 13 : 055014-, 2018
• 29 Cui SS, "Size-tunable low molecular weight pectin-based electrospun nanofibers blended with low content of poly(ethylene oxide)" 17 : 681-689, 2017
• 30 Talimi R, "Sirolimus-exuding core-shell nanofibers as an implantable carrier for breast cancer therapy : preparation, characterization, in vitro cell studies, and in vivo anti-tumor activity" 48 : 694-707, 2022
• 31 Wu M, "Silk-based hybrid microfibrous mats as guided bone regeneration membranes" 9 : 2025-2032, 2021
• 32 Xu X, "Silk fibroin/poly-(L-lactide-co-caprolactone)nanofiber scaffolds loaded with Huangbai Liniment to accelerate diabetic wound healing" 199 : 111557-, 2021
• 33 Vepari C, "Silk as a biomaterial" 32 : 991-1007, 2007
• 34 Guo H, "Sequential release of drugs form a dual-delivery system based on pH-responsive nanofibrous mats towards wound care" 8 : 1759-1770, 2020
• 35 Onder OC, "Self-assembled silk fibroin hydrogels : from preparation to biomedical applications" 3 : 6920-6949, 2022
• 36 Vass P, "Scale-up of electrospinning technology : applications in the pharmaceutical industry" 12 : e1611-, 2019
• 37 Omer S, "Scale-up of electrospinning : market overview of products and devices for pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes" 13 : 286-, 2021
• 38 Badman BL, "Rotator cuff healing using a nanofiber scaffold in patients greater than 55 years"
• 39 Fadil F, "Review on electrospun nanofiber-applied products" 13 : 2087-, 2021
• 40 Guo Y, "Research progress, models and simulation of electrospinning technology : a review" 57 : 58-104, 2022
• 41 Chou SF, "Relationships between mechanical properties and drug release from electrospun fibers of PCL and PLGA blends" 65 : 724-733, 2017
• 42 Bharadwaz A, "Recent trends in the application of widely used natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites in bone tissue regeneration" 110 : 110698-, 2020
• 43 Tien ND, "Recent developments in chitosan-based micro/nanofibers for sustainable food packaging, smart textiles, cosmeceuticals, and biomedical applications" 26 : 2683-, 2021
• 44 Naureen B, "Recent advances in tissue engineering scaffolds based on polyurethane and modified polyurethane" 118 : 111228-, 2021
• 45 Thambiliyagodage C, "Recent advances in chitosan-based applications—a review" 16 : 2073-, 2023
• 46 Sahoo N, "Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery" 81 : 317-331, 2015
• 47 Yu CC, "Random and aligned electrospun PLGA nanofibers embedded in microfluidic chips for cancer cell isolation and integration with air foam technology for cell release" 17 : 31-, 2019
• 48 Gutierrez-Sanchez M, "RGD-functionalization of PLA/starch scaffolds obtained by electrospinning and evaluated in vitro for potential bone regeneration" 96 : 798-806, 2019
• 49 Gaaz TS, "Properties and applications of polyvinyl alcohol, halloysite nanotubes and their nanocomposites" 20 : 22833-22847, 2015
• 50 Gao X, "Progress in electrospun composite nanofibers : composition, performance and applications for tissue engineering" 7 : 7075-7089, 2019
• 51 Figueira DR, "Production and characterization of polycaprolactone-hyaluronic acid/chitosan-zein electrospun bilayer nanofibrous membrane for tissue regeneration" 93 : 1100-1110, 2016
• 52 Puwanun S, "Production and characterization of a novel, electrospun, tri-layer polycaprolactone membrane for the segregated co-culture of bone and soft tissue" 8 : 221-, 2016
• 53 Zhang Y, "Prevention of local liver cancer recurrence after surgery using multilayered cisplatin-loaded polylactide electrospun nanofibers" 32 : 1111-1118, 2014
• 54 Li J, "Prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion using electrospun PEG/PLGA nanofibrous membranes" 78 : 988-997, 2017
• 55 Mirzaeei S, "Preparation of the potential ocular inserts by electrospinning method to achieve the prolong release profile of triamcinolone acetonide" 8 : 21-27, 2018
• 56 Huang S, "Preparation and properties of electrospun poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/cellulose nanocrystal/silver nanoparticle composite fibers" 9 : 523-, 2016
• 57 Sa’adon S, "Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a diclofenac sodium-dual layer polyvinyl alcohol patch" 13 : 2459-, 2021
• 58 Lan D, "Preparation and characterization of silk fibroin/polyethylene oxide nanofiber membranes with antibacterial activity" 110 : 287-297, 2022
• 59 Ahmadi P, "Preparation and characterization of polyurethane/chitosan/CNT nanofibrous scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering" 180 : 590-598, 2021
• 60 Fan T, "Preparation and characterization of electrospun polylactic acid(PLA)fiber loaded with birch bark triterpene extract for wound dressing" 22 : 205-, 2021
• 61 Drobota M, "Preparation and characterization of electrospun collagen based composites for biomedical applications" 13 : 3961-, 2020
• 62 Chen R, "Preparation and characterization of coaxial electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane/collagen compound nanofibers for tissue engineering applications" 79 : 315-325, 2010
• 63 Mirzaeei S, "Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan single-layered and polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/Eudragit RL100 multi-layered electrospun nanofibers as an ocular matrix for the controlled release of ofloxacin : an in vitro and in vivo evaluation" 22 : 170-, 2021
• 64 Singhvi MS, "Polylactic acid : Synthesis and biomedical applications" 127 : 1612-1626, 2019
• 65 Vanza JD, "Polyethylene oxide and its controlled release properties in hydrophilic matrix tablets for oral administration" 25 : 1169-1187, 2020
• 66 Teixeira MA, "Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based nanofibrous electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering applications" 12 : 7-, 2019
• 67 Naves L, "Poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid drug delivery systems through transdermal pathway : an overview" 6 : 1-11, 2017
• 68 Santoro M, "Poly(lactic acid)nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering" 107 : 206-212, 2016
• 69 Babadi D, "Piperine-loaded electrospun nanofibers, an implantable anticancer controlled delivery system for postsurgical breast cancer treatment" 624 : 121990-, 2022
• 70 Kurakula M, "Pharmaceutical assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) : as excipient from conventional to controlled delivery systems with a spotlight on COVID-19 inhibition" 60 : 102046-, 2020
• 71 Nangare S, "Pharmaceutical applications of electrospinning" 78 : 1-11, 2020
• 72 Talimi R, "Perivascular application of sirolimus multilayer nanofibrous mat for prevention of vascular stenosis : preparation, in vitro characterization, and in vivo efficacy evaluation" 77 : 103816-, 2022
• 73 Abolghasemzade S, "PVA based nanofiber containing CQDs modified with silica NPs and silk fibroin accelerates wound healing in a rat model" 9 : 658-676, 2021
• 74 Esmaeili A, "Optimization, synthesis, and characterization of coaxial electrospun sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-graft-methyl acrylate/poly(ethylene oxide)nanofibers for potential drug-delivery applications" 173 : 645-653, 2017
• 75 Amiri N, "Optimization of chitosan-gelatin nanofibers production : Investigating the effect of solution properties and working parameters on fibers diameter" 8 : 778-789, 2018
• 76 Sharma D, "Optimally controlled morphology and physico-mechanical properties of inclusion complex loaded electrospun polyvinyl alcohol based nanofibrous mats for therapeutic applications" 32 : 1182-1202, 2021
• 77 Basar AO, "Novel poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/gelatin wound dressings prepared by emulsion electrospinning with controlled release capacity of Ketoprofen anti-inflammatory drug" 81 : 459-468, 2017
• 78 Xing C, "Novel multifunctional nanofibers based on thermoplastic polyurethane and ionic liquid : towards antibacterial, anti-electrostatic and hydrophilic nonwovens by electrospinning" 26 : 105704-, 2015
• 79 Sofi HS, "Novel lavender oil and silver nanoparticles simultaneously loaded onto polyurethane nanofibers for wound-healing applications" 569 : 118590-, 2019
• 80 Nazeri N, "Novel electro-conductive nanocomposites based on electrospun PLGA/CNT for biomedical applications" 29 : 168-, 2018
• 81 Molapour Rashedi S, "Novel PLA/ZnO nanofibrous nanocomposite loaded with tranexamic acid as an effective wound dressing : in vitro and in vivo assessment" 19 : e2737-, 2021
• 82 Kattamuri S, "Nanofibers in pharmaceuticals—a review" 2 : 187-212, 2012
• 83 Rasouli R, "Nanofibers for biomedical and healthcare applications" 19 : e1800256-, 2019
• 84 Sousa MGC, "Nanofibers as drug-delivery systems for infection control in dentistry" 17 : 919-930, 2020
• 85 Hiwrale A, "Nanofibers : a current era in drug delivery system" 9 : e18917-, 2023
• 86 Eatemadi A, "Nanofiber : synthesis and biomedical applications" 44 : 111-121, 2016
• 87 Liu Y, "Mussel inspired polynorepinephrine functionalized electrospun polycaprolactone microfibers for muscle regeneration" 7 : 8197-, 2017
• 88 Sanchez-Alvarado DI, "Morphological study of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)nanofibers prepared by electrospinning, collected on reticulated vitreous carbon" 19 : 1718-, 2018
• 89 Adala I, "Mixed polymer and bioconjugate core/shell electrospun fibres for biphasic protein release" 9 : 4120-4133, 2021
• 90 Mirzaeei S, "Metronidazole-and amoxicillin-loaded PLGA and PCL nanofibers as potential drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontitis : in vitro and in vivo evaluations" 9 : 975-, 2021
• 91 Chen S, "Mesoporous bioactive glass surface modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)electrospun fibrous scaffold for bone regeneration" 10 : 3815-3827, 2015
• 92 Adamski R, "Mechanical, structural, and biological properties of chitosan/hydroxyapatite/silica composites for bone tissue engineering" 26 : 1976-, 2021
• 93 Sriyanti I, "Mangosteen pericarp extract embedded in electrospun PVP nanofiber mats : physicochemical properties and release mechanism of alpha-mangostin" 13 : 4927-4941, 2018
• 94 Sebe I, "Incorporating small molecules or biologics into nanofibers for optimized drug release : a review" 494 : 516-530, 2015
• 95 Guo Z, "In vitro evaluation of electrospun PLGA/PLLA/PDLLA blend fibers loaded with naringin for guided bone regeneration" 37 : 317-324, 2018
• 96 Lim MM, "In vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of silver-coated electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatine nanofibrous scaffolds" 6 : 211-, 2016
• 97 Gomes SR, "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of electrospun nanofibers of PCL, chitosan and gelatin : a comparative study" 46 : 348-358, 2015
• 98 Stoddard RJ, "In pursuit of functional electrospun materials for clinical applications in humans" 7 : 387-409, 2016
• 99 Jirofti N, "Improvement of the wound-healing process by curcumin-loaded chitosan/collagen blend electrospun nanofibers : in vitro and in vivo studies" 7 : 3886-3897, 2021
• 100 Abazari MF, "Improved osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells cultured on polyvinylidene fluoride/collagen/platelet-rich plasma composite nanofibers" 235 : 1155-1164, 2019
• 101 Yang X, "Hydroxyapatite/collagen coating on PLGA electrospun fibers for osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells" 106 : 2863-2870, 2018
• 102 Xu G, "Hyaluronic acid-functionalized electrospun PLGA nanofibers embedded in a microfluidic chip for cancer cell capture and culture" 5 : 752-761, 2017
• 103 Sheet S, "Highly flexible electrospun hybrid(polyurethane/dextran/pyocyanin)membrane for antibacterial activity via generation of oxidative stress" 3 : 14551-14561, 2018
• 104 Merkle VM, "Hemocompatibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)-gelatin core-shell electrospun nanofibers : a scaffold for modulating platelet deposition and activation" 7 : 8302-8312, 2015
• 105 Zheng H, "Handbook of nanomaterials for manufacturing applications" Elsevier 225-246, 2020
• 106 Zhai X, "Gelatin-based targeted delivery systems for tissue engineering" 24 : 673-687, 2023
• 107 Tan Y, "Gelatin as a bioactive nanodelivery system for functional food applications" 423 : 136265-, 2023
• 108 Xu Z, "Fibro-porous PLLA/gelatin composite membrane doped with cerium oxide nanoparticles as bioactive scaffolds for future angiogenesis" 8 : 9110-9120, 2020
• 109 Sharifi N, "Fast dissolving nanofibrous mats for diclofenac sodium delivery : effects of electrospinning polymer and addition of super-disintegrant" 73 : 103356-, 2022
• 110 Wongsasulak S, "Fabrication, gastromucoadhesivity, swelling, and degradation of zein-chitosan composite ultrafine fibers" 78 : N926-N935, 2013
• 111 Tondnevis F, "Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of electrospun polyurethane-gelatin-carbon nanotube scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications" 108 : 2276-2293, 2020
• 112 Rahman M, "Fabrication of zein-based fibrous scaffolds for biomedical applications—a review" 308 : 2300175-, 2023
• 113 He M, "Fabrication of metronidazole loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)/zein core/shell nanofiber membranes via coaxial electrospinning for guided tissue regeneration" 490 : 270-278, 2016
• 114 Moydeen AM, "Fabrication of electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/dextran nanofibers via emulsion process as drug delivery system : kinetics and in vitro release study" 116 : 1250-1259, 2018
• 115 Eskitoros-Togay SM, "Fabrication of doxycycline-loaded electrospun PCL/PEO membranes for a potential drug delivery system" 565 : 83-94, 2019
• 116 Xie Q, "Fabrication of core-shell PEI/pBMP2-PLGA electrospun scaffold for gene delivery to periodontal ligament stem cells" 2016 : 5385137-, 2016
• 117 Mahdian-Dehkordi M, "Fabrication of chitosan-based electrospun nanofiber scaffold : amplification of biomechanical properties, structural stability, and seeded cell viability" 12 : 25-32, 2021
• 118 Li P, "Fabrication of PCL/keratin composite scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering with catalytic generation of nitric oxide potential" 8 : 6092-6099, 2020
• 119 Balaji A, "Fabrication and hemocompatibility assessment of novel polyurethane-based bio-nanofibrous dressing loaded with honey and Carica papaya extract for the management of burn injuries" 11 : 4339-4355, 2016
• 120 Taymouri S, "Fabrication and evaluation of hesperidin loaded polyacrylonitrile/polyethylene oxide nanofibers for wound dressing application" 32 : 1944-1965, 2021
• 121 Wang D, "Fabrication and characterization of gelatin/zein nanofiber films loading perillaldehyde for the preservation of chilled chicken" 10 : 1277-, 2021
• 122 Ansari S, "Fabrication and characterization of electrospun zein/nylon-6(ZN6)nanofiber membrane for hexavalent chromium removal" 29 : 653-662, 2022
• 123 Khodadoust M, "Fabrication and characterization of electrospun bi-hybrid PU/PET scaffolds for small-diameter vascular grafts applications" 9 : 73-83, 2018
• 124 Zarei M, "Fabrication and characterization of conductive polypyrrole/chitosan/collagen electrospun nanofiber scaffold for tissue engineering application" 168 : 175-186, 2021
• 125 Khan AUR, "Exploration of the antibacterial and wound healing potential of a PLGA/silk fibroin based electrospun membrane loaded with zinc oxide nanoparticles" 9 : 1452-1465, 2021
• 126 Steffi C, "Estradiol-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/silk fibroin electrospun microfibers decrease osteoclast activity and retain osteoblast function" 10 : 9988-9998, 2018
• 127 Nunes CS, "Enzymes in human and animal nutrition" Academic Press 429-440, 2018
• 128 Sims-Mourtada J, "Enrichment of breast cancer stem-like cells by growth on electrospun polycaprolactone-chitosan nanofiber scaffolds" 9 : 995-1003, 2014
• 129 Wang C, "Enhanced bioavailability and anticancer effect of curcumin-loaded electrospun nanofiber : In vitro and in vivo study" 10 : 439-, 2015
• 130 Wu Z, "Engineering of corneal tissue through an aligned PVA/collagen composite nanofibrous electrospun scaffold" 8 : 124-, 2018
• 131 Wang J, "Engineering antimicrobial and biocompatible electrospun PLGA fibrous membranes by irradiation grafting polyvinylpyrrolidone and periodate" 181 : 918-926, 2019
• 132 Tavassoli-Kafrani E, "Encapsulation of orange essential oil using cross-linked electrospun gelatin nanofibers" 11 : 427-434, 2018
• 133 Vogt L, "Electrospun zein fibers incorporating poly(glycerol sebacate)for soft tissue engineering" 8 : 150-, 2018
• 134 Chomachayi MD, "Electrospun silk-based nanofibrous scaffolds : fiber diameter and oxygen transfer" 5 : 71-80, 2016
• 135 Thakkar S, "Electrospun polymeric nanofibers : new horizons in drug delivery" 107 : 148-167, 2017
• 136 Miguel SP, "Electrospun polycaprolactone/aloe vera_chitosan nanofibrous asymmetric membranes aimed for wound healing applications" 9 : 183-, 2017
• 137 Fotticchia A, "Electrospun polycaprolactone nano-fibers support growth of human mesenchymal stem cells" 158-161, 2013
• 138 Rajzer I, "Electrospun polycaprolactone membranes with Zn-doped bioglass for nasal tissues treatment" 30 : 80-, 2019
• 139 Ulker Turan C, "Electrospun poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone)/gelatin/chitosan ternary nanofibers with antibacterial activity for treatment of skin infections" 170 : 106113-, 2022
• 140 Zhang M, "Electrospun poly(l-lactide)/zein nanofiber mats loaded with Rana chensinensis skin peptides for wound dressing" 27 : 136-, 2016
• 141 Huo P, "Electrospun nanofibers of polycaprolactone/collagen as a sustained-release drug delivery system for artemisinin" 13 : 1228-, 2021
• 142 Chomachayi MD, "Electrospun nanofibers comprising of silk fibroin/gelatin for drug delivery applications : thyme essential oil and doxycycline monohydrate release study" 106 : 1092-1103, 2018
• 143 Tuğcu-Demiröz F, "Electrospun metronidazole-loaded nanofibers for vaginal drug delivery" 46 : 1015-1025, 2020
• 144 Zhu J, "Electrospun homogeneous silk fibroin/poly(varepsilon-caprolactone)nanofibrous scaffolds by addition of acetic acid for tissue engineering" 31 : 421-437, 2016
• 145 Baiguera S, "Electrospun gelatin scaffolds incorporating rat decellularized brain extracellular matrix for neural tissue engineering" 35 : 1205-1214, 2014
• 146 Celebioglu A, "Electrospun formulation of acyclovir/cyclodextrin nanofibers for fast-dissolving antiviral drug delivery" 118 : 111514-, 2021
• 147 Serio F, "Electrospun filaments embedding bioactive glass particles with ion release and enhanced mineralization" 9 : 182-, 2019
• 148 Weiwei Liu ; Zhengqiang Li ; Lu Zheng ; Xiaoyan Zhang ; Peng Liu ; Ting Yang ; Bing Han, "Electrospun fibrous silk fibroin/poly(L-lactic acid)scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering" 13 : 516-526, 2016
• 149 Dai XY, "Electrospun emodin polyvinylpyrrolidone blended nanofibrous membrane : a novel medicated biomaterial for drug delivery and accelerated wound healing" 23 : 2709-2716, 2012
• 150 Jiang YN, "Electrospun drug-loaded core-sheath PVP/zein nanofibers for biphasic drug release" 438 : 232-239, 2012
• 151 Kalani MM, "Electrospun core-sheath poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk fibroin nanofibers with Rosuvastatin release functionality for enhancing osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells" 99 : 129-139, 2019
• 152 Tsai R-Y, "Electrospun chitosan–gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol hybrid nanofibrous mats : production and characterization" 45 : 1975-1981, 2014
• 153 Dongargaonkar AA, "Electrospun blends of gelatin and gelatin-dendrimer conjugates as a wound-dressing and drug-delivery platform" 14 : 4038-4045, 2013
• 154 Guex AG, "Electrospun aniline-tetramer-co-polycaprolactone fibres for conductive, biodegradable scaffolds" 7 : 375-382, 2017
• 155 Vigani B, "Electrospun alginate fibers : Mixing of two different poly(ethylene oxide)grades to improve fiber functional properties" 8 : 971-, 2018
• 156 Hussein Y, "Electrospun PVA/hyaluronic acid/L-arginine nanofibers for wound healing applications : nanofibers optimization and in vitro bioevaluation" 164 : 667-676, 2020
• 157 Ferrandez-Rives M, "Electrospun PVA/bentonite nanocomposites mats for drug delivery" 10 : 1448-, 2017
• 158 Zhang E, "Electrospun PDLLA/PLGA composite membranes for potential application in guided tissue regeneration" 58 : 278-285, 2016
• 159 Li X, "Electrospun PCL/mupirocin and chitosan/lidocaine hydrochloride multifunctional double layer nanofibrous scaffolds for wound dressing applications" 13 : 5287-5299, 2018
• 160 Choi JS, "Electrospinning strategies of drug-incorporated nanofibrous mats for wound recovery" 5 : 137-145, 2015
• 161 Hu X, "Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers for drug delivery applications" 185 : 12-21, 2014
• 162 Wali A, "Electrospinning of non-ionic cellulose ethers/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers : characterization and applications" 181 : 175-182, 2018
• 163 Boncu TE, "Electrospinning of linezolid loaded PLGA nanofibers : effect of solvents on its spinnability, drug delivery, mechanical properties, and antibacterial activities" 46 : 109-121, 2020
• 164 Shi Y, "Electrospinning of ibuprofen-loaded composite nanofibers for improving the performances of transdermal patches" 13 : 3855-3863, 2013
• 165 Qasim SB, "Electrospinning of chitosan-based solutions for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine" 19 : 407-, 2018
• 166 Shi Y, "Electrospinning of artemisinin-loaded core-shell fibers for inhibiting drug re-crystallization" 24 : 551-564, 2013
• 167 Shahriar SMS, "Electrospinning nanofibers for therapeutics delivery" 9 : 532-, 2019
• 168 Yang SB, "Electrospinning fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol)/Coptis chinensis extract nanofibers for antimicrobial exploits" 8 : 734-, 2018
• 169 Rabionet M, "Electrospinning PCL scaffolds manufacture for three-dimensional breast cancer cell culture" 9 : 328-, 2017
• 170 Bhardwaj N, "Electrospinning : a fascinating fiber fabrication technique" 28 : 325-347, 2010
• 171 Liu X, "Electrospinnability of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA) : the role of solvent type and solvent composition" 34 : 738-749, 2017
• 172 Lyon CC, "EktoTherix™ regenerative tissue scaffold for repair of surgical excision wounds"
• 173 Shen W, "Effect on electrospun fibres by synthesis of high branching polylactic acid" 5 : 180134-, 2018
• 174 Carrasco-Torres G, "Effect of silk fibroin on cell viability in electrospun scaffolds of polyethylene oxide" 11 : 451-, 2019
• 175 Dodero A, "Effect of crosslinking type on the physical-chemical properties and biocompatibility of chitosan-based electrospun membranes" 13 : 831-, 2021
• 176 Zhu B, "E-spun composite fibers of collagen and dragline silk protein : fiber mechanics, biocompatibility, and application in stem cell differentiation" 16 : 202-213, 2015
• 177 Pant B, "Drug delivery applications of core-sheath nanofibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning : a review" 11 : 305-, 2019
• 178 Park SC, "Doxorubicin release controlled by induced phase separation and use of a co-solvent" 11 : 681-, 2018
• 179 Moon H, "Different molecular interaction between collagen and alpha-or beta-chitin in mechanically improved electrospun composite" 17 : 318-, 2019
• 180 Yuan TT, "Development of electrospun chitosan-polyethylene oxide/fibrinogen biocomposite for potential wound healing applications" 13 : 88-, 2018
• 181 Topsakal A, "Development of amoxicillin-loaded electrospun polyurethane/chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold for bone tissue regeneration" 17 : 321-328, 2018
• 182 Hussein MaM SuS, "Development and in vitro evaluation of biocompatible PLA-based trilayer nanofibrous membranes for the delivery of nanoceria : a novel approach for diabetic wound healing" 13 : 3630-, 2021
• 183 Arik N, "Development and characterizations of engineered electrospun bio-based polyurethane containing essential oils" 12 : 209-, 2022
• 184 Morsy R, "Developing a potential antibacterial long-term degradable electrospun gelatin-based composites mats for wound dressing applications" 114 : 8-12, 2017
• 185 Saeed SM, "Designing and fabrication of curcumin loaded PCL/PVA multi-layer nanofibrous electrospun structures as active wound dressing" 6 : 39-48, 2017
• 186 Chou SF, "Current strategies for sustaining drug release from electrospun nanofibers" 220 : 584-591, 2015
• 187 Babadi D, "Curcumin polymeric membranes for postoperative peritoneal adhesion : Comparison of nanofiber vs film and phospholipid-enriched vs non-enriched formulations" 614 : 121434-, 2022
• 188 Grimaudo MA, "Crosslinked hyaluronan electrospun nanofibers for ferulic acid ocular delivery" 12 : 274-, 2020
• 189 Han W-H, "Cross-linking electrospinning" 15 : 15513-15551, 2023
• 190 Baek J, "Core-shell nanofibrous scaffolds for repair of meniscus tears" 25 : 1577-1590, 2019
• 191 Fazli Y, "Controlled release of cefazolin sodium antibiotic drug from electrospun chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanofibrous Mats" 71 : 641-652, 2017
• 192 Kim K, "Control of degradation rate and hydrophilicity in electrospun non-woven poly(d, l-lactide)nanofiber scaffolds for biomedical applications" 24 : 4977-4985, 2003
• 193 Jannesari M, "Composite poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl acetate)electrospun nanofibrous mats as a novel wound dressing matrix for controlled release of drugs" 6 : 993-1003, 2011
• 194 Brookshier T, "Comparing wound complication following TMA with aid of electrospun fiber matrix"
• 195 Yang YY, "Colon-specific pulsatile drug release provided by electrospun shellac nanocoating on hydrophilic amorphous composites" 13 : 2395-2404, 2018
• 196 Coimbra P, "Coaxial electrospun PCL/Gelatin-MA fibers as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering" 159 : 7-15, 2017
• 197 Habiba U, "Chitosan/(polyvinyl alcohol)/zeolite electrospun composite nanofibrous membrane for adsorption of Cr(6+), Fe(3+)and Ni(2)" 322 : 182-194, 2017
• 198 Aranaz I, "Chitosan : an overview of its properties and applications" 13 : 3256-, 2021
• 199 Pedram Rad Z, "Calendula officinalis extract/PCL/Zein/Gum arabic nanofibrous bio-composite scaffolds via suspension, two-nozzle and multilayer electrospinning for skin tissue engineering" 135 : 530-543, 2019
• 200 Su CJ, "Calcium silicate/chitosan-coated electrospun poly(lactic acid)fibers for bone tissue engineering" 10 : 501-, 2017
• 201 Heo DN, "Burn-wound healing effect of gelatin/polyurethane nanofiber scaffold containing silver-sulfadiazine" 9 : 511-515, 2013
• 202 Turker E, "Biomimetic hybrid scaffold consisting of co-electrospun collagen and PLLCL for 3D cell culture" 139 : 1054-1062, 2019
• 203 Bhattarai RS, "Biomedical applications of electrospun nanofibers : drug and nanoparticle delivery" 11 : 5-, 2019
• 204 Dulnik J, "Biodegradation of bicomponent PCL/gelatin and PCL/collagen nanofibers electrospun from alternative solvent system" 130 : 10-21, 2016
• 205 Raj Preeth D, "Bioactive Zinc(II)complex incorporated PCL/gelatin electrospun nanofiber enhanced bone tissue regeneration" 160 : 105768-, 2021
• 206 Brockmeier S, "BioFiber scaffold post-market observational study"
• 207 Dhand C, "Bio-inspired in situ crosslinking and mineralization of electrospun collagen scaffolds for bone tissue engineering" 104 : 323-338, 2016
• 208 Karamat-Iradmousa M, "Bi-layered nanofibers loaded with pomegranate flowers extract as a novel wound dressing : fabrication, characterization, and in vivo healing promotion" 202 : 117042-, 2023
• 209 Nejaddehbashi F, "Application of polycaprolactone, chitosan, and collagen composite as a nanofibrous mat loaded with silver sulfadiazine and growth factors for wound dressing" 43 : 413-423, 2019
• 210 Yunmin M, "Application and analysis of biological electrospray in tissue engineering" 9 : 133-137, 2015
• 211 Bandatang N, "Antimicrobial electrospun nanofiber mats of NaOH-hydrolyzed chitosan(HCS)/PVP/PVA incorporated with in-situ synthesized AgNPs : fabrication, characterization, and antibacterial activity" 190 : 585-600, 2021
• 212 Ahmed S, "Antimicrobial effect of modified antibiotic nanofibers for regenerative endodontics procedures"
• 213 Huang GP, "An investigation of common crosslinking agents on the stability of electrospun collagen scaffolds" 103 : 762-771, 2015
• 214 Okutan N, "Affecting parameters on electrospinning process and characterization of electrospun gelatin nanofibers" 39 : 19-26, 2014
• 215 Nirwan VP, "Advances in electrospun hybrid nanofibers for biomedical applications" 12 : 1829-, 2022
• 216 Bosworth LA, "Acetone, a sustainable solvent for electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone)fibres : effect of varying parameters and solution concentrations on fibre diameter" 20 : 879-886, 2012
• 217 Zhao Z, "A sandwich-structured piezoresistive sensor with electrospun nanofiber mats as supporting, sensing, and packaging layers" 10 : 575-, 2018
• 218 Wang H, "A review of the effects of collagen treatment in clinical studies" 13 : 3868-, 2021
• 219 Qi Y, "A review of structure construction of silk fibroin biomaterials from single structures to multi-level structures" 18 : 237-, 2017
• 220 Eskandarinia A, "A propolis enriched polyurethane-hyaluronic acid nanofibrous wound dressing with remarkable antibacterial and wound healing activities" 149 : 467-476, 2020
• 221 Tang Y, "A pilot study to evaluate a temporary skin substitute (Spincare® matrix) for wound healing in RDEB patients (RDEB)"
• 222 Roy S, "A novel approach for fabricating highly tunable and fluffy bioinspired 3D poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)fiber scaffolds" 9 : 7081-7093, 2017
• 223 Chen J, "A novel application of electrospinning technique in sublingual membrane : characterization, permeation and in vivo study" 42 : 1365-1374, 2016
• 224 Zhang X, "A drug eluting poly(trimethylene carbonate)/poly(lactic acid)-reinforced nanocomposite for the functional delivery of osteogenic molecules" 13 : 5701-5718, 2018
• 225 Fathi-Karkan S, "A critical review of fibrous polyurethane-based vascular tissue engineering scaffolds" 16 : 6-, 2022
• 226 Haider A, "A comprehensive review summarizing the effect of electrospinning parameters and potential applications of nanofibers in biomedical and biotechnology" 11 : 1165-1188, 2018
• 227 Bazbouz MB, "A UV-cured nanofibrous membrane of vinylbenzylated gelatin-poly(varepsilon-caprolactone)dimethacrylate co-network by scalable free surface electrospinning" 91 : 541-555, 2018
• 228 Wu Z, "A PLGA nanofiber microfluidic device for highly efficient isolation and release of different phenotypic circulating tumor cells based on dual aptamers" 9 : 2212-2220, 2021
• 229 Goh BT, "3D printed scaffold device for ridge preservation after tooth extraction"