유가의 존재론적 언어 = Confucian Ontological Language

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This essay is an analysis of Confucian view that language can implicate truth in comparison to Daoism having a negative attitude on language. Confucian School, from Mencius to Neo-Confucians, uses the argument that we have Natural Language as a non-artificial being itself (wu wei zi ran, 無爲自然) in our conventional language. One of the Natural Language originates from instinct of a small body [xiao ti, 小體] or physical inclination (qi zhi zhi xing, 氣質之 性), the other from a great body [da ti, 大體] or natural inclination (ben ran zhi xing, 本然之性). Confucian Natural Language has no person to speak but it can be expressed because it is natural being itself. Confucian world is full of both the story of physical inclination and the story of natural inclination that product ontological expressions. Physical inclination is an ontological basis to make the story of the inferior person (xiao ren, 小人), while natural inclination is one to make the story of the superior person (da ren, 大人). This kind of Confucian view of language has a great deal of significance in sense that it shows us that language can be a more important part of life than correspondent sign of objects. However Confucian view of language also has negative point. One`s empirical experiences cannot produce new story creatively when Confucians think their canonical texts as an exclusive inborn Natural Language. To overcome the narrowness, Confucians should open their mind toward the horizon of empirical experiences and considerations.

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