17〜18세기 경상도 士族의 科擧 體驗 : 『溪巖日錄』과『淸臺日記』를 중심으로 = Experience of State Examination of Sajok in Gyeongsang-do in 17th~18th Century
The state examination was a important subject in comprehending the Joseon Dynasty period. It was the important means of recruiting the government official in the position of the country, and of maintaining the status of yangban in the position of Sajok. Especially since keeping the status as yangban was a matter of survival in the position of Sajok who were the examinee, passing the state examination was greatly important to Sajok. Also because even if Sajok didn’t pass the state examination, taking the exam itself gave the symbolism as the yangban who was the ruling class of country society, Sajok took the state examination constantly.
So the record of state examination appear a lot in diary Sajok wrote down. Kim Ryeong’s 『Gyeamilrok』in 17th century and Kwon Sangil’s 『Cheongdaeilgi』in 18th century were mostly used in this writing. Through these two dairy, the process that Sajok prepared for and took the state examination and passing it, and series of process of Myeonsinrye afterward were able to be examined.
Students of Confucianism made use of Geojeop for intensive study and essay contest which functioned as a mock test as valuable means. While Kim Ryeong did not participated in Geojeop and essay contest, Kwon Sangil very actively participated in them. It is thought that the difference of the two men’s attitude in preparation for the state examination shows the difference of perception of state examination as well. While the 17th century was the transitional period that Geojeop, that is study for the state examination and learning, that is the research on Neo-Confucianism were divided, 18th century was the period that Geojeop and learning were completely separated. Such a difference of the backdrop and their family and economic power caused the difference of perception of the state examination.
The definite scenes that the state examination was carried out in the Joseon Dynasty period were able to be seen in 『Gyeamilrok』and 『Cheongdaeilgi』; the definite cases were examined in the light of the rule related to the state examination. Thus taking the exam according to Sangpi rule, the condition of dispatching examiner, the case of Bingong between Gyeongsang left․right-do, Yeokseo of test paper of test for recruiting Saengwon and Jinsa, accommodations of the examinee, questions set at examination in reality were able to be checked. Also the process that after passing the state examination and being appointed in Seungmunwon, Kim Ryeong and Kwon Sangil went through the process of Myeonsinrye and became a regular member of Seungmunwon was able to be examined.
Since Sajok looked forward to passing the state examination and even if they did not pass, taking the exam itself was a mens of drawing the line between them and other classes, the state examination was an object of attention to Sajok. So they fully put down the record of test schedule or cheating with interest. They aspired to pass the state examination, but there were so many examinee compared with the number who would be selected and it was extremely hard to pass the state examination. So if they passed once, they received explosive attention from their surroundings and their status in country society was changed. Also it is thought that Sajok also used the state examination as a means that they maintained and extended their social relations on the way to the examination site.
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