産業社會의 人間과 敎育의 課題 = A Study of Man in the Industrial Society and the Task of Education
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1982
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
193-216(24쪽)
제공처
The twentieth Century is a Century of enormous and profound change ; the prime force behind this change is the world - wide phenomena of Industrialism, of all the forces that have determined the course of history, none is as inclusive and general as the force of industrialism in real and effect. Such inclusiveness and generality point to a certain logic governing the process itself. The imperatives inherent in the logic of industrialization are summarized under the following three leadings; a) functionalization b) Rationalization and c) Ideologization.
When industrialism is chosen as the guiding policy of nations and groups, how does the logic of industrialization on the on hand, and the traditional understanding of themselves, on the other hand, interact with each other? According to Max Weber's view on the relationship between capitalism and protestant ethics, the development of rational capitalism combine the impulse to accumulation with a positively frugal life-style, Weber found the answer in the worldly asceticism of puritanism, as focused-through the concept of the calling.
The idea of the calling was already present in Luther's doctrines, Weber argues, it became more rigorously developed in the various puritan sects; Calvinism, Methodism, Pietism and Baptism. Calvinism, according to Weber's argument, supplies the moral energy and drive of the capitalist entrepreneur.
Talcott Parsons traces the roots of the modern industrial Society to the dual tradition of christianity and Roman Law, isolating three cardinal elements in this tradition a) the conception of a transcendental divine Being, b) universal rationality and c) a practical attitude toward life. Parsons attributes the historically first emergence of industrial society in the western world to the identity between the religious-cultural tradition based on christianity and the archetypal values of an industrial society.
The industrial society becomes richer, bigger, and better. Industrialism makes life easier for a greater number of people and extends man's mastery of nature. Under these circumstances, the mass media have little difficulty in selling particular interests as those of all sensible man. The political needs of society become individual needs and aspirations, their satisfaction promotes business and the commonwealth, and the whole appears to be the very embodiment of Reason.
The industrialized Society is irrational as a whole. Its productivity is destructive of the free development of human needs and faculties, its peace maintained by the constant threat of war, its growth dependent on the repression of the real possibilities for pacifying the struggle for existence - individual, national, and international. Our society distinguishes itself by conquering the centrifugal society forces with technology rather than Terror, the real basis of an overwhelming efficiency and an increasing standard of living. Contemporary
Society seems to be capable of containing. Social change - qualitative change which would establish essentially different institutions, a new direction of the productive process, new modes of human existence.
Society can be defined as a group of people who share a common culture - a culture includes the formal and informal social arrangements, the mores, the language, the religious institutions and beliefs, and the processes of government, as society becomes more complex, the educational process necessarily change. Education is the process whereby each social inducts the young into its own particular style of social relationships.
What is the task of education and what is the role of school? School is presently facing many pressures, population explosion, the exploding of knowledge, pollution, change of values brought about educational problems of modern society. What kind of life is worth living? What is the distinction between true and false consciousness? What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?
By taking into consideration of these problems and by laying stress on modern industrial society, restoration of human reason and basic rights, present and future problems of education and basic direction of value system, the goal of this essay is to help concerned people become more aware of the social and educational issues with which all of us must deal.
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