근로자지원프로그램(EAP) 및 기업상담의 연구동향 분석: 효과연구를 중심으로 = An Analysis on Effectiveness Studies of EAP & Workplace Counseling

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since 1990s when a few major companies fist set up counseling office within workplace and started professional counseling service for employees, there has been steady growth in the number of companies making use of this service. Recently, this was followed by launch of foreign affiliated and local EAP providers. Hence, there is a growing need for effectiveness studies of professional counseling services, but the domestic research has been far short of the demand. Moreover, it is not only the responsibility of the counselor but of the company bearing the cost, to provide clients with consultation service based on empirical evidence. In this point of view, this study reviews and analyzes the advanced foreign researches on effectiveness of EAP & workplace counseling in order to give insights to domestic researchers in carrying out effectiveness analyses. Main references are 55 effectiveness studies of EAP and workplace counseling, found through literature survey of foreign cases, and online search on domestic cases. The three parties of EAP: enterprise(purchaser), clients(service user), and EAP provider or counselors(service provider) have different ways of analyzing effectiveness of EAP, and therefore different dependent variables. According to dependent variables examined, the analyses can be categorized into overall satisfaction evaluations, cost-benefit analyses, psycho-social outcome studies, and case studies. Then the character of each research was analyzed and classified by institution, program, research design, study time, and variables examined. Finally, some implications were discussed on the basis of these findings.

Key words : EAP, workplace counseling, Effectivenesss, satisfaction, outcome, cost-benefit analysis, case study

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1990년대 초반 대기업이 상담실을 설치하여 임직원에게 상담전문가에 의한 상담서비스를 제공하기 시작한 이래, 지난 10여 년 동안 상담서비스를 도입하는 기업들이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며 최근에는 외국계 EAP 회사의 국내진출 및 국내 EAP 회사의 설립이 두드러지고 있다. 이에 따라 기업상담에 대한 효과연구의 필요성은 증가하고 있지만 국내의 연구결과는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 한편 경험적 증거에 기초한 상담은 내담자에 대한 상담자의 책무이면서 비용을 지불하는 기업에 대한 책무라는 측면에서 필요성이 대두되며 또한 전문적 위상을 높일 수 있는 방법이기도 하다. 이러한 시점에서 우리보다 앞선 외국의 효과연구 동향을 분석함으로써 향후 국내에서 효과연구를 수행하는데 도움이 되는 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 국외의 경우는 문헌연구를, 국내의 경우는 온라인 검색을 통해 총 55편의 기업상담 효과연구를 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석대상 효과연구를 기업상담 장면에서 독특한 삼각구도를 이루고 있는 구매자인 기업, 서비스 이용자인 내담자, 서비스 제공자인 EAP회사 혹은 상담가가 ‘효과를 무엇으로 보는가?’ 에 해당하는 효과변인에 대하여 내담자, 조직, 상담자의 수준에 따라 ① 전반적인 만족도 연구(14편), ② 비용-이익연구(12편), ③ 심리-사회적 성과연구(24편), ④ 사례연구(5편)로 분류하였다. 그 다음으로 효과연구 결과의 타당성에 영향을 미치는 ‘효과를 어떻게 측정하는가?’에 해당하는 연구방법의 특징들을 기관, 프로그램, 연구설계, 연구기간, 측정변인 등으로 분류하여 제시하였고 연구동향을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 논의하고 본 연구의 제한점 및 국내 연구의 시사점을 제언하였다.

주요어 : EAP, 기업상담, 효과연구, 만족도, 성과연구, 비용-이익연구, 사례연구

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