아동의 만족 지연 능력과 주의 기제: 집행 주의 및 주의분산책략 중심으로 = The Relationship between Ability to Delay Gratification and Attention Mechanism: Focusing on Executive Attention and Strategies for Attention Deployment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study were to investigate the relationships between executive attention, strategies for attention deployment, and ability to delay gratification. The subject of the study were 62 children who lived in Seoul and Incheon and they were 48 to 75 months. Subjects were divided into control group(which was not offered the strategy to distract their attention during the delay period) and two experimental groups(which was offered the strategy to distract their attention during the delay period). The results of the study are as follows: First, the correlation between child's intellectual ability and ability to delay gratification was significant. Also, there was significant relationship between child's executive attention and ability to delay gratification. Second, there were significant differences between the control group and the experimental groups. That is, the experimental groups offered the strategies to distract attention have longer waiting time than the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the experimental groups. Third, offering the strategies to distract attention and executive attention were significantly contributed to the prediction of the ability to delay of gratification. Also, there was significant interactive effect between the type of strategies to distract attention and executive attention. This is, as the group was suggested to play with 'toy', children's high executive skills have a strong effect on the ability to delay gratification.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 만 4-5세 아동을 대상으로 아동의 집행 주의 능력과 외부에서 제공되는 주의분산책략이 만족 지연 능력과 어떠한 관련을 가지는지 검증하였다. 연구는 서울과 인천에 취원하고 있는 62명의 아동을 대상으로 통제 집단(주의분산책략을 제공 받지 않은 집단)과 두 실험 집단(즐거운 생각을 주의분산책략으로 제안 받은 집단과 장난감 놀이를 주의분산책략으로 제공 받은 집단)으로 나뉘어졌다. 검증 결과, 아동의 집행 주의 능력은 아동의 만족 지연 능력과 유의미하게 관련되었으며, 주의분산책략에 따른 집단 간 만족 지연 시간에 유의미한 차이가 검증되었다. 또한 지능을 통제한 후에도, 집행 주의와 주의분산책략은 아동의 만족 지연 능력을 유의미하게 설명하였고. 더 나아가 만족 지연 능력에 대한 주의분산책략(즐거운 생각 제안과 장난감 놀이 제공)과 집행 주의의 상호작용 효과가 검증되었으며, 특히 두 실험 집단(즐거운 생각 제안과 장난감 놀이 제공)에 따른 집행 주의의 조절 효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 즉, 장난감 놀이를 주의분산책략으로 제공받은 경우, 집행 주의 능력이 높을 때 만족 지연 시간이 그렇지 않은 집단보다 유의미하게 증가하였다. 이는 즐거운 생각을 제안 받은 것보다 장난감을 주의분산책략으로 제공받았을 때 집행 주의 수준이 아동의 만족 지연 시간에 더 큰 차이를 가져올 수 있음을 의미한다.

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