Molecular Taxonomy of a Phantom Midge Species (Chaoborus flavicans) in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The larvae of Chaoborus are widely distributed in lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. These omnivorous Chaoborus larvae are crucial predators and play a role in structuring zooplankton communities, especially for small-sized prey. Larvae of Chaoborus are commonly known to produce predator-induced polyphenism in Daphnia sp.
Nevertheless, their taxonomy and molecular phylogeny are very poorly understood. As a fundamental study for understanding the role of Chaoborus in predator-prey interactions in a freshwater ecosystem, the molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship of Chaoborus were analyzed in this study. A molecular comparison based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) between species in Chaoborus was carried out for the identification of Chaoborus larvae collected from 2 localities in Korea. According to the results, the Chaoborus species examined here was identified as C. flavicans, which is a lake-dwelling species. Furthermore,partial mitochondrial genome including COI, COII, ATP6, ATP8, COIII, and ND3 were also newly sequenced from the species and concatenated 5 gene sequences excluding ATP8 with another 9 dipteran species were compared to examine phylogenetic relationships of C. flavicans. The results suggested that Chaoborus was more related to the Ceratopogonidae than to the Culicidae. Further analysis based on complete mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear gene sequences will provide a more robust validation of the phylogenetic relationships of Chaoborus within dipteran lineages.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Lee ES, "The mitochondrial genome of the smaller tea tortrix Adoxophyes honmai (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae)" ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 373 : 52-57, 2006
• 2 Dupuis DD, "The cryptic origins of environment-indicating phantom midges (Chaoborus)" 53 : 236-243, 2008
• 3 정가람, "Seasonal and diel abundance and feeding patterns of Chaoborus flavicans in Sang-Chun reservoir" 아주대학교 대학원 2010
• 4 Sæther OA, "Phylogeny of Culicomorpha (Diptera)" 25 : 223-234, 2000
• 5 Miller BR, "Phylogenetic relationships of the Culicomorpha inferred from 18S and 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences (Diptera: Nematocera)" 6 : 105-114, 1997
• 6 Kambhampati S, "PCR primers for the amplification of four insect mitochondrial gene fragments" 4 : 233-236, 1995
• 7 Swofford, DL, "PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony(*and other methods)" Sinauer Associates 2003
• 8 Nylander JAA, "MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author"
• 9 Ronquist F, "MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models" 19 : 1572-1574, 2003
• 10 Tollrian R, "Inducible defenses in Cladocera: constraints, costs, and multipredator environments. In: The ecology and evolution of inducible defenses" Princeton University Press 177-202, 1999
• 11 Simon JC, "Genomics of environmentally induced phenotypes in2 extremely plastic arthropods" 102 : 512-525, 2011
• 12 Friedrich M, "Evolution and phylogeny of the Diptera: a molecular phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA sequences" 46 : 674-698, 1997
• 13 Larkin MA, "Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0" 23 : 2947-2948, 2007
• 14 The Entomological Society of Korea and Korean Society of Applied Entomology, "Checklist of insects from Korea" Konkuk University Press 1-744, 1994
• 15 Cameron SL, "A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of Diptera: whole genome sequence data accurately resolve relationships over broad timescales with high precision" 32 : 40-59, 2007