Documentary history of the Truman presidency . Vol. 11 , The Truman administration's civil rights program:the report of the committee on civil rights and president Truman's message to congress of February 2, 1948

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Acknowledgments = xxix
• Publisher's Note = xxix
• Editor's Note = xxx
• General Introduction = xxxi
• Introduction = xxxvii
• Document 1, April 13, 1945 Letter To: Stephen Early Fr: Lora J. Haynes Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Expression of respect for late President Roosevelt and request to inform President Truman of desire of Negroes to be considered first-class citizens [Transcription of handwritten letter.] = 1
• Document 2, April 23, 1945 Memorandum with attachments To: Colonel [Harry H.] Vaughan Fr: B W. Davenport Papers of Harry S Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of telegram to president from Congressmen Adam Clayton Powell and Emanuel Celler regarding investigation of alleged racial discrimination at Freeman and Goodman Airfields Draft replies to the congressmen are attached. = 3
• Document 3, May 9, 1945 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Paul Burney Papers of Harry S. Truman. White House Central Files-Official File, Appeal for equal recognition of Negroes, citing sacrifices in World 'War Ⅱ and examples of American support of equality and freedom worldwide; and suggesting with the help of the 99th Air Force to "take Japan for us to live as you have taught us the Democratic way = 6
• Document 4, May 15, 1945 Resolution Fr: United Automobile, Aircraft, Agricultural Implement Workers of America Papers of Harry S Truman. White House Central Files-Official File, Condemns rape of Recy Taylor, a Negro in Alabama, and demands equal justice from the Alabama justice system = 7
• Document 5, June 5, 1945 Press release Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of Eben A Ayers Letter to House Rules Committee Chairman Adolph J. Sabath regarding actions to terminate war-time Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC) by denying appropriations and need for expedious handling of legislation establishing a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission = 9
• Document 6, September 19, 1945 Letter with attachments To: W. E. B. DuBois Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Correspondence regarding efforts to meet with president to discuss issues on agenda before Fifth Pan-African Congress and offer to meet with Acting Secretary of State Dean Acheson. = 10
• Document 7, October 6, 1945 Letter with attachment To: Walter White Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment and comments on letter regarding efforts to reduce racial discrimination in armed forces and reduction in racial discrimination and segregation at Camp Lee, Virginia, under Brigadier General George A. Horkan. = 15
• Document 8, October 12, 1945 Letter with attachments To: Adam Clayton Powell Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment and comments on Daughters of the American Revolution (D.A.R.), Constitution Hall, the controversy regarding proposed performance by Hazel Scott, wife of Adam Clayton Powell. Attachments include response from Powell regarding Truman's letter and correspondence between Congressman Powell and Bess Truman = 18
• Document 9, November 21, 1945 Letter with attachment To: Mary McLeod Bethune Fr: William D. Hassett Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment and commentary on letter highlighting the resolutions of Tenth Annual Workshop of National Council of Negro Women, Inc. = 25
• Document 10, December 20, 1945 Press release Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Eben A. Ayers Executive Order #9664: Continuing the Work of the Fair Employment Practice Committee, Continuance of duties and responsibilities of FEPC under National War Agencies Appropriation Act of 1946, including investigation of discrimination in military and postwar industries. = 28
• Document 11, January 23, [1946] Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Stephen Gill Spotswood, Joseph H. B Evans, and William Allyn Hill Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Views of executive officers of District of Columbia chapter of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) regarding discrimination by National Theater and criticism of president for attending performances there. = 29
• Document 12, February 26, 1946 Memorandum Fr: [Philleo Nash] Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Columbia, Tennessee Race Riot, Synopsis of efforts to acquire information on and events reported by the press regarding Columbia, Tennessee, riot. = 32
• Document 13, March 1, 1946 Memorandum To: President Truman Fr: Malcolm Ross Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Comments on underlying causes for Columbia, Tennessee, riot, conditions of minority workers, and suggestion to expand investigations in order to accumulate information on all causes of friction between majority and minority groups. = 34
• Document 14, March 14, 1946 Memorandum with attachment To: Files Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Comments on and transmittal of request from Clark H. Foreman, president of Southern Conference for Human Welfare, for president to meet with representatives of various civic, liberal, labor, religious, and minority representative groups to discuss necessity for immediate criminal investigation of violence against Negroes in Columbia. = 35
• Document 15, March 15, 1946 Letter To: Tom Clark Fr: Albert E. Barnett Papers of Eleanor Bontecou Views on Columbia situation and synopsis of investigation into lynching of Cordie Cheek in December 1933, especially the part played by C. H. Denton, Columbia magistrate, following the present riot. = 39
• Document 16, March 21, 1946 Letter To: Horace Frierson Fr: Tom C. Clark Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Request to convene grand jury to investigate civil rights and possibly other federal law violations at time of civil disturbance in Columbia. ~Retype of page 40.~ = 40
• Document 17, March 28, 1946 Letter with enclosure To: Jesse Governor Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Response to telegram imploring president to stop indiscriminate prosecution of Negroes and vigorously prosecute those responsible for anti-Negro violence in Columbia. Status of Attorney General's investigation and request for grand jury action into situation are presented. [Retype of page 42.] = 42
• Document 18, March 29, 1946 Letter with attachment To: Clark H. Foreman Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Response, highlighting status of Attorney General's investigation, to telegram from Clark H. Foreman, president, Southern Conference for Human Welfare. Foreman's telegram relates press reporting of possible civil rights violations, district attorney's determination that no civil rights were violated, and extent of damage to Negro homes and businesses of Columbia. In addition, the telegram implores the president to intervene in seeking release of arrested Negroes. = 45
• Document 19, March 31, 1946 List Papers of David K. Niles Negro Judges of Record As of March 31, 1946, List of fourteen individuals with their judicial position and office location. = 47
• Document 20, ca. April 1946 Statement (draft) Fr: [Tom C. Clark] Papers of Eleanor Bontecou, Status report on investigation and narrative of events leading to racial confrontation in Columbia. In addition, convening of grand jury is proscribed to investigate possible civil rights and federal law violations. = 48
• Document 21, ca. April 1946 Statement Fr: [Office of the Attorney General] Papers of Eleanor Bontecou, Acknowledgment of convening of special grand jury in Columbia to investigate civil disorders, lessons from race riots, and dispatch of two special representatives to assist local U.S. Attorney. = 48
• Document 22, ca. April 1946 Message To: Governor and People of Tennessee Fr: Clark ~H.~ Foreman Papers of Eleanor Bontecou, An Appeal to the Governor and People of Tennessee, Presentation of events leading to racial violence in Columbia, appeal for release of Negroes due to denial of bail and being held incommunicado, rights of due process for those Negroes charged with a crime, racist police officers, shooting of prisoners by police, and appeal for equal justice in prosecuting members of white mob. = 53
• Document 23, ca. April 1946 Memorandum Fr: [Department of justice] Papers of Eleanor Bontecou Memorandum of Law- Columbia Case, Description of charges presented as a result of riot in Columbia and alleged deprivation of civil rights in violation of federal law. Included are legal discussions of rights involved that were deprived (under U.S v. Screws), destruction of property, police brutality, unlawful arrest and detention, search and seizure, denial of equal protection of the law, and willfulness in depriving civil rights = 54
• Document 24, April 4, 1946 Press release Fr: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Papers of Eleanor Bontecou, NAACP Mobilizes Defense of 31 in Tennessee 'Riot' Case Highlights include NAACP preparation to defend the Negroes held in Columbia riot case, membership of NAACP Committee on Columbia, Tennessee, and activities of federal grand jury. = 58
• Document 25, April 11, 1946 Memorandum with attachment To: President Truman Fr: David K. Niles papers of David K. Niles, Comments on public perception of president's support of federal and state anti-poll tax legislation and transmittal of draft statement, to be used during press conference in Chicago, clarifying president's anti-poll tax legislative position. = 60
• Document 26, April 11, 1946 Press release Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of Eben A. Ayers Statement by the President, Clarification of president's position on federal anti-poll tax legislation, on support of state action, against poll taxes and employment discrimination, and on supplemental nature of state to federal legislation. = 62
• Document 27, April 15, 1946 Letter with attachments To: A. B. Caldwell Fr: Eleanor Bontecou Papers of Eleanor Bontecou, Comments on and transmittal of suggested forms of indictments for police brutality and property damage to be used by fedoral grand jury in investigating Columbia riot. = 63
• Document 28, May 24, 1946 Letter with attachments To: Max Yergan Fr: William D. Hassett Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment and comments of letter informing the president of program of Tenth Anniversary Convention of the National Negro Congress and requesting a greeting to be read during Negro Freedom Rally. Attachments include transmittals of request to appropriate individuals in the administration and the conference sponsors' list, call to action, and eleven-point program. = 66
• Document 29, June 21, 1946 Address To: Chicago Bar Association Fr: Tom C. Clark Papers of Philleo Nash, Civil Rights, Highlights include history and purpose of Constitution, particularly Bill of Rights, and role, scope, and jurisdiction of Justice Department as protector of civil rights. Examples from Constitution, U.S. code, and landmark cases assist in pointing out efforts and vigilance of Civil Rights Section. = 75
• Document 30, June 23, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Mr. and Mrs. George W. Harrison, Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Appeal urging president to use federalized militia to guarantee Negro voting rights in Mississippi. = 91
• Document 31, June 23, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Elsie R. Smith Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Appeal urging president to use federal troops to guarantee Negro voting rights in Tennessee. = 92
• Document 32, June 23, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: E. H. Heslip et al. Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Resolution highlighting threat of "Bilbo-infuriated" mobs to minorities and urging use of federal troops to guarantee Negro voting rights in Mississippi. = 93
• Document 33, June 23, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Lillian Stemerman Papers of Harry S. Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Commentary on need for federal troops in South to guarantee Negro voting rights and view on Bilbo. = 95
• Document 34, June 23, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Ira Latimer Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Appeal from the Chicago Civil Liberties Committee for dispatch of Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents to investigate alleged violations of federal civil rights laws relative to voting in federal elections in Mississippi In addition, comments on and appeal for prosecution of individuals preventing, voter registration, especially in Etoy Fletcher case = 96
• Document 35, June 24, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Sidney Hillman Papers of Harry S. Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Report on organized effort to prevent voter registration of Negroes in Mississippi, the Etoy Fletcher beating incident, incitement of mob violence by Senator Bilbo, and appeal for federal action. = 98
• Document 36, June 28, 1946 Press release Fr: White House Papers of Eben A. Ayers Exchange of correspondence between president and chairman of FEPC regarding cessation of its, wartime mandate, resignation of members, and transmittal of its final report. The press release also contains summary and recommendations section of final report, Highlights include FEPC 1945-1946 history, status of minority workers during war, discriminatory wage rates, postwar outlook for Negro workers, wartime migrations, minority group war veterans, and minority group discrimination issues. = 99
• Document 37, July 3, 1946 Memorandum with enclosure To: Tom C. Clark Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Transmittal of telegrams from labor, civil rights, and NAACP members regarding report of Columbia, Tennessee, grand jury. = 108
• Document 38, August 2, 1946 Letter with attachment To: Mary-Jane Grunsfeld Fr: Kathleen Potts Papers of Harry S Truman. White House Central Files-Official File, Response to telegram requesting copy of president's directive to attorney general in regard to incidents in Georgia and transmittal of text of attorney general's remarks regarding the investigation into recent happenings. = 110
• Document 39, August 3, 1946 Handbill To: General public Fr: Washington Committee of the Southern, Conference for Human Welfare Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File Join the Funeral March Call for support in protesting lynching, support of federal antilynching laws, and recounting of recent anti-Negro violence in Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Mississippi. = 112
• Document 40, August 13, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: John H. Sengstacke Papers of Harry S Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Appeal for action to prevent anti-Negro violence throughout the South, following the Athens, Alabama, riot, and concern over Negro vigilantes. = 113
• Document 41, September 18, 1946 Letter with attachments To: Edward J. Jeffries Jr. Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Papers of Harry S Truman: White House Central Files-Official File Acknowledgment of letter to the president. Attached letter expresses concern for wave of lynchings in South, apparent breakdown in law and order, effect of racial situation on Detroit, request to prosecute those guilty of participating in mob violence, and plea for antilynching legislative action. = 115
• Document 42, September 19, 1946 Telegram with attachments To: David K. Niles Fr: Paul Robeson, Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Selection of delegates to meet with president to discuss lynching problem. = 118
• Document 43, September 20, 1946 Memorandum with attachment To: David K. Niles Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal and comments on copy of letter sent Attorney General Tom C. Clark. Letter refers to upsurge in violence against Negroes, highlighting actions against a recently discharged Negro sergeant in South Carolina, and call for commission to analyze the violence and present some sort of policy. = 123
• Document 44, September 26, 1946 Press release Fr: Department of justice Papers of Philleo Nash, Announcement of arrest of Batesburg, South Carolina, chief of police for violating a federal civil rights statute and events leading up to violence against Sergeant Isaac Woodward Jr. = 125
• Document 45, September 26, 1946 Letter To: David [K.] Niles Fr: Walter White Papers of David K. Niles, List of suggested individuals for inclusion on president's proposed civil rights committee. = 126
• Document 46, October 4, 1946 Letter with attachment To: Frank W. Boykin Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of information regarding establishment of Catholic hospital for Negroes in Mo-bile, Alabama. = 128
• Document 47, October 11, 1946 Letter with attachments To: President Truman Fr: Tom C. Clark Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Transmittal and comments on proposed executive order establishing President's Committee on Civil Rights. Second attachment acknowledges legality of executive order by justice Department's assistant solicitor general. = 130
• Document 48, October 14, 1946 Memorandum Fr: Office of the Attorney General Papers of David K. Niles, Annotated list of recommended persons for President's Committee on Civil Liberties [Rights] and suggestion for president to meet with individuals. = 134
• Document 49, October 21, 1946 Report Fr: Charles M. LaFollette Papers of Stephen J. Spingarn, The Case Against Bilboism, Report outlining legality of election of Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, precedent set by Smith case regarding use of campaign funds, constitutionality of denying membership in Senate, and constitutionality of Bilbo's incitement of white voters to deny Negroes the right to vote. Topics of discussion include clarification of senatorial law, debate on power of Senate to exclude or expel, power of Senate to judge elections and returns of its members, and law and facts necessary to establish Senate law In election cases, particularly the Bilbo case The racist attitudes and defiance of federal statutes by Bilbo are also highlighted. = 135
• Document 50, October 24, 1946 Memorandum To: David K. Niles Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of Philleo Nash, Report on conversation between Civilian Aide to the Secretary of War Marcus Ray and the judge Advocate General updating status of Lemus Woods Jr. case. = 176
• Document 51, October 28, 1946 Memorandum with attachment To: Ed Brown Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal of list and comments on Negroes appointed to policymaking positions in federal government during Truman administration. = 177
• Document 52, October 29, 1946 Letter with attachment To: Philleo Nash Fr: Albert Deutsch Papers of Philleo Nash, Comments on and transmittal of letter from Robert Carl Guenzel, Trial Judge Advocate, regarding the Lemus Woods Jr. case and request for further investigation before death sentence is adjudged. = 180
• Document 53, November 12, 1946 Memorandum To: Matthew J. Connelly Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Clark M. Clifford, Summary of effects of Negro vote in 1946 congressional, state, and local elections in Chicago, Detroit, Kansas City, New York City, Ohio, Philadelphia, and the South. = 182
• Document 54, November 26, 1946 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: Walter White Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Forwarding to president copy of telegram sent to Attorney General Tom C. Clark; request for president to support prosecution, under Section 20, U.S.C., of police officers involved in attacks on Thurgood Marshall, Alexander Looby, and Maurice Weaver near Columbia, Tennessee; and fear that mob violence against Negroes and defense lawyers is dramatically increasing. = 184
• Document 55, ca. December 1946 Statement (draft) with attachments Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Philleo Nash Draft statement outlining racial situation, desire for preservation of civil liberties, and announcement of executive order creating President's Committee on Civil Rights with a list of its members. Attachments include draft of executive order and final draft of statement. = 185
• Document 56, December 5, 1946 Press release Fr: [HaTry S. Truman] Papers of Eben A. Ayers Statement by the President "Freedom From Fear" statement highlighting racial situation, need for adequate federal statutes to guarantee civil rights, and decision to create the President's Committee on Civil Rights with a listing of members Copy of executive order is included. [Retype of pages 197, 199, and 201.] = 197
• Document 57, December 6, 1946 Letter with enclosure To: Charles E. Wilson Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Announcement of creation of President's Committee on Civil Rights with request for Wilson to serve as chairman, and decision to pay for committee expenses from the President's Emergency Fund. Enclosure includes list of members with mailing addresses. [See Document 56 for Statement by the President and executive order.] [Retype of page 204.] = 203
• Document 58, December 6, 1946 Letters To: Sadie T. Alexander et al. Fr: William D. Hassett Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, [Request in the name of the president to serve on President's Committee on Civil Rights. (Same letter sent to Right Reverend Henry Knox Sherrill; John S. Dickey; Morris L. Ernst; Rabbi Roland G. Gittelsohn; Dr. Frank P. Graham; Most Reverend Francis J. Haas; Charles Luckman; Dr. Francis P. Matthews; Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.; Boris Shishkin; Dr. Channing H. Tobias; and M. E. Tilley.] ~Typed list on page 207 added by UPA.~ = 206
• Document 59, December 6, 1946 Letter with attachments To: Martin H. Bickham Fr: William D. Hassett Papers of Clark M. Clifford, Acknowledgment of correspondence and announcement that proposals forwarded by Bickham and Reverend Russell Wharton Lambert have been put into effect with creation of President's Committee on Civil Rights. Attachments include memoranda shuffling Bickham's and Lambert's letters within the White House and the Illinois Inter-Racial Commission's call for a White House conference to discuss racial situation and antilynching resolution. = 208
• Document 60, December 17, 1946 Memorandum with attachment To: Commander [George M.] Elsey Fr: David K. Niles Papers of David K. Niles, Comments on attached proposed presidential civil rights statement. Statement highlights recent anti-Negro actions; federal government's efforts, particularly by the Justice Department, to enforce federal civil rights statutes; appeal to states for vigilance in guaranteeing public safety; and announcement of creation and purpose of President's Committee on Civil Rights. = 219
• Document 61, December 19, 1946 Letter with attachment To: Thelma (Mrs. M.A.) Pallette Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of letter applauding creation of President's Committee on Civil Rights. = 222
• Document 62, December 31, 1946 Letter with enclosures To: G. Howland Shaw Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Philleo Nash, Acknowledgment of letter from Catholic Interracial Council and announcement of executive order creating President's Committee on Civil Rights. Council letter includes resolution appealing for president to promote antilynching legislation and legislation protecting minority civil rights. = 224
• Document 63, December 31, 1946 Letter with attachments To: Martin H. Bickham Fr: William D. Hassett, Papers of Harry S. Truman. White House Central Files-Official File Acknowledgment of receipt of correspondence supporting President's Committee on Civil Rights and promise to forward letter to Charles E. Wilson, committee chairman, regarding cornmittee's participation in Illinois state Inter-Racial Conference on National Unity. = 227
• Document 64, January 7, 1947 [Memo for the files] Fr: David K. Niles Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal of drafts of statements by president and Charles E. Wilson with reference to first meeting of President's Committee on Civil Rights. = 231
• Document 65, January 15, 1947 Report Fr: Civil Rights Section, Justice Department To: President's Committee on Civil Rights Papers of David K. Niles, Federal Criminal Jurisdiction over Violations of Civil Rights Paper sets out definition of civil rights and relates existing federal criminal statutes relating to enforcement of civil rights. Sections discuss statutes covering specific violations of federal civil rights as well as general statutes, Sec. 51 and 52, U.S.C., on statutory and constitutional rights. = 235
• Document 66, January 15, 1947 Minutes Papers of Philleo Nash, Minutes of Meeting of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, January 15, 1947, Synopsis of meeting activities including discussion of creation and activities of subcommittees; invitation to civil rights-related organizations to report, in writing, on their activities and views; creation of executive committee; decision to limit authorization of press releases; and decision on next meeting date. = 261
• Document 67, January 15, 1947 Press release Fr: Harry S. Truman To: President's Committee on Civil Rights Papers of Eben A. Ayers, Informal remarks of president to members of President's Committee on Civil Rights, including possible negative racial situation; purpose and importance of the committee and appeal for members to work diligently. = 264
• Document 68. January 30, 1947 Memorandum To: judge [M. C.] Latta Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of Philleo Nash, Description of proposed salary requirements for executive secretaryship and staff and request for approval prior to submitting committee's budget estimate to Bureau of the Budget. = 265
• Document 69, February 5, 1947 Letter with enclosure To: Matthew J. Connelly Fr: Oscar R Ewing Papers of Harry S. Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Transmittal of telegram from Hannibal G. Parsons suggesting White House visit of Joe Louis to show support for President's Committee on Civil Rights and for Democratic Party. = 266
• Document 70, February 6, 1947 Minutes Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of David K. Niles Minutes of the Meetings of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, February 5 and 6, 1947, Synopsis of activities at February 5 and 6 meetings. Highlights include announcement of Robert K. Carr as executive secretary, membership and discussion of subcommittees, outline of work for each subcommittee, and Justice Department civil rights activities. = 268
• Document 71, February 6, 1947 Press releases Fr: President's Committee on Civil Rights Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Description of work and membership of subcommittees. = 272
• Document 72, February 19, 1947 Memorandum with attachment Fr: Robert K. Carr To: ~Philleo Nash~ Papers of Pbilleo Nash, Transmittal of form letter being sent to civil rights-related organizations requesting information on activities, views, and recommendations for study areas and/or methodology. = 275
• Document 73, February 19, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: Matt[hew J.] Connelly Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Transmittal of action memorandum from Robert K. Carr and comments on the committee's handling of Willie Earle lynching case. = 277
• Document 74, February 2l, 1947 Memorandum To: All Members of the President's Committee on Civil Rights Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of David K. Niles, Further Report on the Willie Earle Lynching Case Report on Justice Department investigation of the case, local authorities' arrest of mob members, and Justice Department policy in cases where evidence will not support federal indictments. = 279
• Document 75, February 28, 1947 Memorandum with attachments To: Members of Subcommittee No. 2 Fr: Robert K. Carr and Frances H. Williams Papers of David K. Niles, Outline of Problems for Consideration of Subcommittee No. 2 at Its Meeting March 5, 1947 Consists of list and discussion of problems, including areas in which minority civil rights are now violated; summary statement of legislative, administrative, and private action in extending the principle of equal treatment and implementation of executive Instructions; defining the American creed as a basis for civil rights action; and committee procedures. Attachments include a passage from "The Meaning of Democracy" and reproduction of portions of article entitled "Russia in United Nations Hits Personal Liberty." = 280
• Document 76, April 1, 1947 Letter with attachments To: Joseph D. Lohman Fr: Oscar L. Chapman Papers of Oscar L. Chapman, Acknowledgment of letter and comments supporting activities of National Committee on Segregation in the Nation's Capital. Attachments include the committee's membership list, organizational meeting minutes, and outline of study areas implied in the committee's statement of purpose. = 289
• Document 77, April 3, 1947 Memorandum To: Members of the President's Committee on Civil Rights Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of David K. Niles, Minutes of the Meeting of the Full Committee, Thursday, April 3, 1947, Summary of activities: progress of subcommittees; desire for press release highlighting recent activities; need for clarification on submitting legislative proposals; and specific actions referring to the National Theater's discriminatory policy and refusal of school authorities to allow a white girl to attend a Negro school in the District of Columbia. = 299
• Document 78, April 4, 1947 Letter To: Victor C. Gaspar Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of Philleo Nash, Acknowledgment of letter requesting an interview with the president and suggestion to meet with the President's Committee on Civil Rights. = 303
• Document 79, April 9, 1947 Memorandum To: David K. Niles Fr: James B. Carey Papers of David K. Niles, Award to President Truman, Recommendation for President Truman to receive one of the Congress of Industrial Organizations' (CIO) annual awards for his contribution to racial democracy. Memorandum also lists other individuals receiving awards and opinions and examples of President Truman's commitment to civil rights = 304
• Document 80, April 30, 1947 Memorandum To: David K. Niles Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of David K. Niles, Request of N.A.A.C.P. for creation of a temporary agency to deal with discrimination in Government employment, Synopsis of suggestion presented by Subcommittee No. 2 regarding restatement of president's position on fair employment in the federal government by creating such machinery to ensure nondiscriminatory practices in hiring, training, and promoting, and opinion on Walter White's letter suggesting a statement by the President's Committee. = 307
• Document 81, May 2, 1947 Memorandum Fr- Robert K. Carr To: David K. Niles Papers of David K. Niles, Request for conference between President Truman and Charles E. Wilson and Charles Luckman, Views on Charles Luckman's proposal to create a subcommittee, under the President's Committee on Civil Rights, to plan and execute a nationwide civil rights education program and to publicize the committee's final report and the issue of responsibility. = 308
• Document 82, May 9, 1947 Letter To John R Steelman Fr. Clarence Mitchell Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File Acknowledgment of response from John Steelman and issue of discrimination in federal government = 309
• Document 83, May 14, 1947 Letter To: David [K.] Niles Fr: Helen Gahagan Douglas Papers of Philleo Nash, Complaints that the President's Committee on Civil Rights does not have a representative [and the president has made no federal appointments] from "third largest Negro district in the country" or the West Coast in general. In addition, acclamation for the civil rights and fair employment activities of Now York Governor Thomas E. Dewey is presented. = 310
• Document 84, May 16, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: David K. Niles Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of Philleo Nash, L'Affaire Gasper, Comments on meeting with Victor C. Gaspar of the New Harlem Tenants' League and transmittal of league's resolutions on economic reconstruction, jobs, industrial democracy, federal housing, slum clearance, and Africa. = 311
• Document 85, May 19, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: David K. Niles Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of Philleo Nash, Background on Charles Wilson's and Charles Luckman's request to see president to discuss possibility of initiating civil rights educational program and publicity for forthcoming committee report. Concerns of the committee are expressed, and the question of sponsorship of such a program by a presidential advisory committee is presented. = 316
• Document 86, June 16, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: Matthew J. Connelly Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Clark M. Clifford, Comments on suggested speech outline for president's appearance before the NAACP. Outline stresses U.S. policy regarding dependent areas and trusteeships, extension of democratic ideals and foreign aid to these areas, and call for support of domestic civil rights. = 320
• Document 87, June 23, 1947 Memorandum To: John R. Steelman Fr: John L. Thurston Papers of Harry S Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Civil Rights Committee and the President's Amnesty Board, Description of origin, functions, personnel, and budget of President's Committee on Civil Rights and President's Amnesty Board. = 323
• Document 88, June 24, 1947 Letter To: David [K.] Niles Fr: Walter White Papers of David K. Niles, Comments on June 29 NAACP conference and acknowledgment of assistance rendered by David Niles. = 326
• Document 89, June 28, 1947 Press release Fr: [White House] Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Text of president's speech before Thirty-eighth Conference of the NAACP at Lincoln Memorial. Highlights include importance of civil rights and liberties to all Americans, removal of discrimination barriers, equality, democracy in war-ravaged areas, and federal task of assuring equal rights. = 327
• Document 90, June 29, 1947 Letter To: J. Leonard Reinsch Fr: G. W. (Johnny) Johnstone Papers of David K. Niles, Commentary on president's speech before NAACP and thoughts on importance of minority education. = 330
• Document 91, June 29, 1947 Address Fr: Walter White Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Clark M. Clifford, Text of radio address at Lincoln Memorial highlighting emergence of NAACP, legal activities involving fundamental civil and human rights, fight against separate but equal policies, independence from political intrigues, and appeal for continued popular support. = 331
• Document 92, July 16, 1947 Letter To: Charles G. Ross Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Expression of concern for manner in which President's Committee on Civil Rights report should be submitted, its physical form and attendant publicity, and request for meeting to discuss these issues. = 334
• Document 93, July 16, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Isaac E. Marcuson Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of July 11, 1947, letter transmitting resolution from Central Conference of American Rabbis commending president on creation of President's Committee on Civil Rights and urging him to create a permanent presidential civil rights commission. = 335
• Document 94, July 17, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: David K. Niles Fr: M[atthewl] J. C[onnelly] Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal of letter from Raymond Pace Alexander commending president on his speech before NAACP and suggestion to distribute speech to churches nationwide. = 338
• Document 95, August 6, 1947 Letter To: Alexander Wiley Fr: Douglas W MacGregor Papers of Harry S. Truman. Files of Charles S. Murphy, Views of the Justice Department relative to S.1352 bill an lynching. = 341
• Document 96, August2l,1947 Memorandum with attachments To: David K. Niles Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal of letter and telegram from Walter White regarding U.S. economic support for India and Pakistan and suggestion to include a Negro on economic missions to these countries. [Retype of page 347 ] = 344
• Document 97, September 19, 1947 Memorandum To: David K. Niles Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of David K. Niles, Schedule for the Completion of the Work of The President's Committee on Civil Rights, Summary of activities to date regarding editorial revisions of report galleys and tentative schedule for printing and presentation to president. = 349
• Document 98, September 29, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: David K. Niles Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of David K. Niles, Commentary on print order for civil rights committee's report, distribution, and request to negotiate distribution arrangements with Labor and Justice departments. Attachment is letter under name of David K. Niles to acting labor secretary requesting distribution to regional/field offices and labor newspapers nationwide. = 350
• Document 99, September 29, 1947 List Fr: [David K. Niles] Papers of David K. Niles Listing of distribution arrangements and quantity for report of President's Committee on Civil Rights to press; to federal, state, and local governments; and to the public. = 354
• Document 100, September 30, 1947 Letter To: Robert K. Carr Fr: Attorney General [Tom C. Clark] Papers of David K. Niles, Justice Department position on rights and procedures set forth in civil rights committee's report relative to safeguarding civil rights of federal employees in administration of loyalty program. = 359
• Document 101, October 14, 1947 Letter with attachments To: Norman Cousins Fr: Charles G. Ross Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of October 11 telegram to the president and comments regarding the Walter White article entitled "Why I Remain a Negro." = 360
• Document 102, ca mid-October 1947 Statement (draft) Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of David K. Niles Statement by the President, Draft statement acknowledging receipt of civil rights committee's report and comments on importance of report including comment on freedom of conscience as a bulwark of national strength. = 363
• Document 103, October 1947 Report To: President Truman Fr: President's Committee on Civil Rights Papers of Harry S. Truman: Book Collection To Secure These Rights, the Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, Text of the final report. Chapters include: Ⅰ. The American Heritage: The Promise of Freedom and Equality; Ⅱ. The Record: Short of the Goal; Ⅲ. Government's Responsibility: Securing Rights; Ⅳ. A Program of Action: The Committee's Recommendations. = 365
• Document 104, October 29, 1947 Press release Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of David K. Niles Statement by the President, Comments on receipt of civil rights committee's report and need for report as guide for action in renewing "human freedom." = 543
• Document 105, November 3, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Fitz H. Vass Fr: Harry H. Vaughan Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Comments on October 30, 1947, letter regarding consternation caused by report of President's Committee on Civil Rights and chances for civil rights changes below Mason-Dixon Line. Vaughan's perceptions of civil rights and political and economic inequities are noted. = 544
• Document 106, November 3, 1947 Note with attachments To: Charles E. Wilson Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Transmittal of draft of letter of thanks to committee members. Attachments include letters to Charles E. Wilson, Dr. Frank P. Graham, and Sadie T. Alexander. = 546
• Document 107, November 5, 1947 Letter To: David K. Niles Fr: Walter White Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Commentary on American Civil Liberties Union meeting on implementation of Report of President's Committee on Civil Rights, NAACP's present reticence in sponsoring such a meeting, and proposal for organizing a future meeting with select group of organizations. The select organizations are listed in the letter. = 551
• Document 108, November 13, 1947 Letter To: President Truman Fr: Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Appreciation for privilege to serve on President's Committee on Civil Rights and support for results of committee's work = 554
• Document 109, November 13, 1947 Letter To: Robert K. Carr Fr: Mike K. Masaoka Papers of Harry S Truman Files of Philleo Nash, Acclamation for Report of President's Committee on Civil Rights from members of Anti-Discrimination Committee, Inc., of Japanese American Citizens League, with particular gratification for recommendations relating to evacuation, evacuee property losses, naturalization laws, and discriminatory statutes = 555
• Document 110, November 14, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Jack B. Brooks Fr: Charles J. Durham Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Acknowledgment of letter requesting multiple copies of Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and comments regarding the Government Printing Office's need to reprint more copies. Attachment also contains comments on usefulness of report by public and legislators = 556
• Document 111, November 19, 1947 Memorandum with attachment To: Charles J. Durham Fr: Daniel L. Goldy Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Transmittal of address by Assistant Secretary of the Interior C. Girard Davidson before the Young Democrats National Convention entitled "Can America Do the Job." Highlights include discussion of the Marshall Plan, development of resources, attempted suppression of political thought and oppression of minorities, importance of Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and the American ideal, Republican congressional "inquisitions," efforts to stamp out communism and totalitarianism, and a redefining of Americanism. = 558
• Document 112, November 29, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Charles E. Wilson Fr: Saul Israel Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Comments on use of Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and transmittal of teaching guide based on Wilson's report and used by Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, New York. [Retype of pages 567 and 569.] = 566
• Document 113, November 29, 1947 Memorandum with attachments To: Operating Staff of HHFA and Constituents Fr: Frank S. Horne Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash Statement Submitted to the President's Civil Rights Committee, Comments on and transmittal of statement entitled "Minority Group Considerations in Administration of Governmental Housing Programs." Highlights a decade of experience delineating a specific body of administrative policies and procedures involving the following agencies: Public Works Administration Housing Division, U.S. Housing Authority, Office of Defense Housing Coordinator, Office of the Housing Expediter, and National Housing Agency. In addition, the fundamental principles followed in the development of racial relations policies and procedures are outlined. = 572
• Document 114, December 2, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Lottie Anderson Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of November 24 letter transmitting resolution adopted by District of Columbia Federation of Women's Clubs entitled "Opposing the Immediate Abrogation of Segregation of Whites and Negroes in Washington, D.C." = 603
• Document 115, December 2, 1947 Letter with attachments To. Borden Burr Fr: David K. Niles Papers of liarry S Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Commentary on November 14 letter requesting information regarding alleged dissent in federal grants-in-aid for education recommendations of Report of President's Committee on Civil Rights by a committee member and authority for distribution of report to states. = 607
• Document 116, December 6, 1947 Letter with enclosures To: J. Howard McGrath Fr: C. Girard Davidson Papers of J. Howard McGrath, Transmittal of compilation of recommendations of President's Committee on Civil Rights divided into categories: executive action, congressional action, state action, and education. In addition, background on Sections 51, 52, and 444 of Title 18, U.S C. is included. = 610
• Document 117, December 8, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Philleo Nash Fr: Robert K. Carr Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Comments on and transmits December 3, 1947, letter from Harvard Law School Dean Erwin N. Griswold. Highlights of Griswold's letter include appreciation for public service of committee, compliments for effectiveness of committee's report, in-depth analysis and classification of different aspects of civil rights question, and contribution in bringing about new public awareness of civil rights problem = 619
• Document 118, December 9, 1947 Letter with attachments To: Walter White Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of December 1 letter with attached letter from NAACP Labor Secretary Clarence Mitchell regarding NAACP's concern over racial attitudes of recent federal appointees and assurance from president that these individuals have been appointed on merit. = 621
• Document 119, December 9, 1947 Letter with attachment To: Carl M. White Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Expression of appreciation for letter and resolution adopted at annual Conference of Eastern College Librarians relating to concern for maintenance of freedom conscience principles and of free inquiry as well as support of executive and legislative branches in protecting these rights. = 626
• Document 120, December 9, 1947 Memorandum To: [Files] Fr: C[lark] M. C[lifford] Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Clark M. Clifford, Question of whether Congress should receive a copy of Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and request to confer with Attorney General Tom C. Clark regarding this matter. = 628
• Document 121, December 15, 1947 Letter with enclosure To: David K. Niles Fr: J. Edgar Hoover Papers of David K. Niles, Transmittal of Congressional Record article regarding issue of civil rights and Loyalty Program. The article entitled "F.B.I. Protects Civil Rights" consists of portions of questions submitted to and answered by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover from Bert Andrews, Washington correspondent of the New York Herald Tribune. = 629
• Document 122, December 29, 1947 Memorandum To: Files Fr: elb Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Description of contents of December 26 letter from Texas State Representative Isom P. "Bill" Hydrick Jr. regarding effects of reports of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and of Committee on Higher Education on white-Negro relations in South, Democratic Party courting of Negro vote, and belief that reports' recommendations will not be forced on southerners. = 634
• Document 123, January2,1948 Memorandum with attachment To: Charles [S.] Murphy Fr: O[scar]R. E[wing] Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Charles S. Murphy, Request to review the "Charter of Negro Rights" outlining ten-point program for safeguarding civil rights for all Americans. These rights and support programs and policies include right to constitutional protection by establishment of federal civil rights organizations; right to vote through federal anti-poll tax legislation; right to work through support of fill and fair employment practices; right to health through national health insurance and expanded public health services; right to education through federal aid to education, vocational and higher education support; right to social security; right to bear arms through desegregation of the armed services; right to housing by providing public housing and barring of restrictive covenants; right to public services; and right to non-discrimination in recreation programs. = 635
• Document 124, January 8,1948 Memorandum Fr: [David K. Niles] Papers of David K. Niles A Minimum Civil Rights Program for the Eightieth Congress, Summation of Democratic Party's task regarding passage of civil rights legislation and attendant problems within the party's leadership and southern constituency. Analysis of the strategy necessary for promulgating and passing an omnibus civil rights bill. = 642
• Document 125, January 8, 1948 Article Fr: Walter White Papers of David K. Niles Will Henry Wallace Get the Negro Vote?, Analysis of Negro support for a third party candidate, Wallace's civil rights record, and importance of Negro voter in national elections. = 648
• Document 126, January14,1948 Memorandum with attachment To: Clark M. Clifford Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Report on circulation of the civil rights committee's final report. = 648
• Document 127, January 19, 1948 Letter with attachments To: Florence N. Dixon Fr: Philleo Nash Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Philleo Nash, Acknowledgment of December 20, 1947, letter to the President's Committee on Civil Rights regarding alleged discriminatory employment experience by the U.S. Office of Education. = 650
• Document 128, January 20, 1948 Memorandum with attachments To: Matt[hew J.] Connelly Fr: David K. Niles Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Comments on correspondence with A. Philip Randolph, president, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids, and secretary of the Committee Against Jimcrow in Military Service and Training. Correspondence refers to request for meeting between president and Negro representatives to discuss proposed universal military training bill and discrimination as well as segregation in armed forces. = 656
• Document 129, ca. mid-January 1948 Address (draft) To: Congress Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of George M. Elsey, First draft of president's civil rights message highlighting importance and ideals of human rights, development of civil rights with growth of America, and role of federal government in securing and strengthening civil rights for all. Reference is made to activities of President's Committee on Civil Rights and importance of its final report. [Transcription of handwritten notes.] = 662
• Document 130, January 27, 1948 Memorandum To: Secretary of Defense [James Forrestal] Fr: Clark M. Clifford Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Clark M. Clifford Civil Rights Message, Text of two paragraphs of draft of president's civil rights message regarding equality of opportunity in the armed services and investigation of the state of civil rights in Panama Canal Zone. = 669
• Document 131, January 29, 1948 Memorandum To: [Clark M.] Clifford Fr: George M. Elsey Papers of Clark M. Clifford Open Questions in Civil Rights Message, Justice Department comments relating to draft of president's civil rights message, including introduction of omnibus civil rights bill, naturalization, interstate commerce, District of Columbia congressional representation, civil rights training for FBI, and Magnuson Bill. = 670
• Document 132, January 29, 1948 Memorandum To: Director [of the Budget] Fr: Elmer B. Staats and C. B. Stauffacher Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-General File Draft of Civil Rights Message, Comments on draft of civil rights message relating to establishment of permanent commission on civil rights; implications of asking Congress to create a justice Department civil rights division, which can be done by the president; and reactions to specific words and/or phrases used in message. = 671
• Document 133, January 30, 1948 Memorandum To: [George M. Elsey] Fr: [C. Girard] Davidson Papers of George M. Elsey, Comments on Draft of President's Message on Civil Rights, Summary of recommendations not mentioned in draft of president's message and commentary on importance of several recommendations, including issue of federal fair employment. The missed recommendations include amendments to Secs. 51 and 52, U S C.; establishment of review of government programs to ensure nondiscrimination; conditioning of federal grants-in-aid on absence of discrimination and segregation; ending of discrimination and segregation in armed forces; and review of Wartime evacuation. = 673
• Document 134, February 2, 1948 Press release To: Congress Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Philleo Nash Text of president's Civil Rights Message of February 2, 1948, outlining the principles of human and civil rights in America, work of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, and recommendations for improving and enlarging the federal role in promoting civil rights. Highlights include statements on strengthening government organization in order to enforce civil rights legislation and existing statutes, protection against lynching, right to vote, fair employment practice legislation, equality of interstate commerce, District of Columbia self-government, expanded self-government for U.S. territories, equality in naturalization, and evacuation claims of Japanese-Americans. In addition, reference is made to the effort to end discrimination and segregation in the armed forces, investigate the status of civil rights in the Panama Canal Zone, and support the UN Commission on Human Rights' compilation of an International Bill of Human Rights. [Text also published as House Document No. 516, 80th Congress, Second Session.] = 675
• Document 135, February 2, 1948 Telegram To: [President Truman] Fr: Channing H. Tobias and Walter White Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-President's Personal File Sample of telegram sent to many national organizations requesting support for the president and his Civil Rights Message to Congress. [Retype of page 682.] = 682
• Document 136, February 3, 1948 Omnibus Civil Rights Bill (draft) Papers of Harry S. Truman: Files of Charles S. Murphy Revised Draft of 2/3/48 of Omnibus Civil Rights Bill, Bill provides means of further securing and protecting civil rights of all Americans and is divided into two titles with several parts for each: Title I-Provisions to strengthen the federal government machinery for the protection of civil rights, Part i-establishment of an Executive Branch Commission on Civil Rights, Part 2-reorganization of Justice Department civil rights activities, Part 3-creation of a Joint Congressional Committee on Civil Rights; Title 11-Provisions to strengthen protection of the individual's rights to liberty, security, citizenship and its privileges, and equality of opportunity, Part 1-Federal Anti-Lynching Act, Part 2-amendments and supplements to existing civil rights statutes, Part 3-Federal Anti-Poll Tax Act, Part 4-protection of right to political participation, Part 5-Federal Fair Employment Practice Act, and Part 6-prohibition against discrimination or segregation in interstate transportation. = 684
• Document 137, February 4, 1948 Letter with attachments To: R. R. Wright Jr. Fr: Matthew J. Connelly Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-Official File, Acknowledgment of letter from The National Fraternal Council of Negro Churches in America requesting an audience with President Truman to discuss civil rights. Attachments include original January 23 letter and White House transmittal memoranda regarding holding the request until after presentation of President's Civil Rights Message. = 719
• Document 138, February 6, 1948 Letter To: Matthew J. Connelly Fr: Frank W. Boykin Papers of Harry S. Truman: White House Central Files-President's Personal File, Comments on conversation with the Alabama Democratic Party state representative, Gessner T. McCorvey, regarding effect of Civil Rights Message on Democratic Party in the South. = 725
• Document 139, February 12, 1948 Article Fr. Walter White Papers of David K. Niles The President Means It, Description of President 'Fruman's attitude and support for civil rights throughout his political career, opinion that Truman has not "been playing politics" with Negro voter, and views on efforts by southern Democrats to control the Democratic Party National Convention in defiance of President Truman and his supporters. = 726
• Document 140, February 13, 1948 Memorandum To: Philleo Nash Fr: Rowland Sargeant Papers of Harry S. Truman. Files of Philleo Nash OIE Coverage of President's Civil Rights Message, Report on State Department's Office of Intelligence Estimate (OIE) coverage of the President's Civil Rights Message through Voice of America and Wireless Bulletin to all foreign missions = 729
• Document 141, ca February 1948 Report Fr: President's Committee on Civil Rights Papers of Philleo Nash, To Secure These Rights- A Brief Summary of the Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, Synopsis of President's Committee on Civil Rights report. Highlights include the origin of the committee, mission of reexamining civil rights in America, and commentary and committee recommendations on four essential rights: the right to safety and security of person; right to citizenship and its privileges; right to freedom of conscience and expression; and right to equality of opportunity. = 738
• Document 142, May 26,1948 Letter with attachments To: Samuel Unger Fr: David K Niles Papers of Harry S Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Response to May 16 letter regarding astonishment at news that fifty-one New York City school children, who had won awards by the National Safety Council, had their trip to Washington, D C canceled due to anti-Negro discrimination policies of local hotels The letter continues with a discussion that the sender is a veteran, a call for the president to make the District of Columbia a showplace for civil rights and implement recommendations of the civil rights committee's report, and request for the children to attend a luncheon at White House = 738
• Document 143, July 26, 1948 Executive Order Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Eben A. Ayers Executive Order 9981: Establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity on the Armed Services, Implementation of policy of equality of treatment and opportunity in armed services, by establishing the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity on the Armed Services. The mission of the president's committee and the order to all executive departments, agencies, and members of the armed service to cooperate with the president's committee are outlined. = 741
• Document 144, October 10, 1948 Telegram To: President Truman Fr: J. Strom Thurmond Papers of Harry S Truman White House Central Files-Official File, Challenge to debate the president regarding bis civil rights program = 742
• Document 145, January 17, 1950 Remarks To: Members of the National Emergency Civil Rights Mobilization Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of Eben A Ayers, Remarks of the president to Members of the National Emergency Civil Rights Mobilization, Executive Office of the President, January 17, 1950, 12 10 p.m., Commentary to audience to appeal to their senators and congressmen to support the civil rights program and prevent passage of resolution from House Rules Committee Additional plea is for support of civil rights program if the United States is to maintain its international leadership role = 743
• Document 146, June 13, 1952 Press release Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Eben A Ayers, Text of Howard University commencement address by the president. Remarks include accomplishments of black education, fight for civil rights, and changing sentiment toward minorities, discrimination, and segregation. Accomplishments in regard to educational opportunities, housing, antilynching laws, federal fair employment, and desegregation of armed services are highlighted in addition, the president briefly discusses efforts to export democracy and improve national welfare of emerging countries, as well as Point Four program = 744
• Document 147, November 14, 1952 Remarks To: Directors, National Newspaper Publishers Association Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Eben A. Ayers, Remarks of the President to the Directors of the National Newspaper Publishers Association, in the Rose Garden, November 14, 1952, 12:55 p m, Opinion on working to implement the Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights and declaration to continue to work for civil rights. = 750
• Document 148, ca. 1953 Memorandum Fr: [EbenA. Ayers] Papers of Eben A. Ayers, Summary of president's position on federal and state anti-poll tax legislation. = 751
• Document 149, ca October 1953 Interview'(excerpt) Fr. [David E Bell and David M Noyes] Papers of Harry S Truman- Post-Presidential File-Memoirs File, Comments on presidential activities relating to civil rights, family history, wave of lynchings and mob violence against Negroes (particularly Negro veterans) being, catalyst for civil rights stand, and Democratic Party politics. Noyes's part of interview relates a story from Truman highlighting harsh treatment of Negro railroad passengers and workers and experience with racial violence and indiscriminate racial remarks during 1940 senatorial campaign. = 752
• Document 150, ca 1953-1954 Summary Fr: [Harry S Truman] Papers of Harry S Truman Post-Presidential File-Memoirs File "To Secure These Rights", Recollections of President Truman's efforts to promote civil rights, problem of increasing anti-Negro violence, establishment of President's Committee on Civil Rights, and efforts to implement committee's recommendations as embodied in final report. = 758
• Document 151, ca 1956 Remarks (excerpt) Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of Harry S Truman Post-Presidential File-Secretary's Office File Description of statement and executive order creating President's Committee on Civil Rights, reasons cited by committee for reexamining the issue of civil rights, and the resulting flash points of racial conflict documented by committee's final report = 764
• Document 152, December 11, 1957 Letter with enclosures To: Averell Harriman Fr: Harry S Truman Papers of Harry S Truman- Post-Presidential File-Secretary's Office File, Acknowledgment of request and transmittal of civil rights, statement on occasion of anniversary of Report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights ~Retype of page 7651 = 765
• Document 153, March 24,1960 Telegram with attachments To: Edward M Turner Fr: Harry S. Truman Papers of Harry S Truman Post-Presidential File-Secretary's Office File, Acknowledgment of telegram from Detroit Branch of NAACP criticizing Truman for his statement regarding lunch counter protests in South, and requesting an interview to explain NAACP's support for the protests. = 772
• Subject Index = 777