유아용 창의성 측정도구에 관한 고찰 = Early Childhood Creative Measurement : Review and Suggestions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 그 필요성이 점증하고 있는 한국 유아용 창의성 측정도구를 개발하기 위한 준비 과정으로 먼저 기존의 유아용 창의성 측정도구들을 소개하고 각 도구들의 장단점을 논의하였다. 창의성에 대한 접근방법이 다양하기 때문에 그 방법에 기초한 도구도 서로 상이하나 크게 나누어서 인지 · 지각 검사, 성향검사, 창의적 산물검사의 3가지 부류로 나눌 수 있다. 이 세 가지 종류의 검사에 대한 비교 후에 유아를 대상으로 하는 검사에서 고려해야 할 변인을 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 제작될 유아용 창의성 검사는 첫째, 아동의 발달수준을 고려해야 할 것이고, 둘째, 재능을 보이는 영역별로 특화 되어야 하며, 셋째, 한국의 사회와 문화적 특수성을 고려하여야 하고, 마지막으로, 단일 차원의 검사보다는 다차원적인 각도에서 유아의 창의성을 측정하는 형태로 나아가야 할 것을 제안하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Currently there are pressing social and academic demands for creativity tests for preschoolers, yet it is difficult to find any such measurements with psychometrically sound properties for this age group. In preparation for the development of a new creativity measurement suitable for Korean children, this paper, first reviews the merits and shortcomings of existing tests and second, provides suggestions for prospective test designers based on these findings. Existing creativity tests for young children can be grouped into 3 different categories: cognition-perception test, personality test and product test. Tests for measuring creative cognition are represented by 'Divergent Thinking' based on Guilford's theory and are the most frequently used type. The other two types include creative personality tests which consist of items identified by research as characteristic of individuals whose work has labeled them as creative. In considering the natural immaturity of the language development of preschoolers, it should be especially emphasized that when these personality tests are used to identify creative preschoolers, information must be transformed from lists or questionnaires filled out by parents. Creative product evaluation method is a new alternative for measuring creativity directly simply by examining final products. This method can be used for different age groups and domains. Suggestions for constructing a new creativity test are summarized as follows. First, new tests should consider developmental levels and characteristics of children. Second, the tests should be domain oriented. Third, the unique characteristics of Korean culture should be considered. Fourth, multiple tests measuring various dimensions of creative abilities should be preferred to a test emphasizing any single dimension.