죽음, 상실, 슬픔에 대한 기억 : 리스트의 ≪일 펜세로소≫와 ≪라 노테≫ = Memories of Death, Loss, and Grief : Liszt’s Il Penseroso and La Notte

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Many of Liszt’s late compositions are saturated with the ideas of death, loss, and grief, reflecting the melancholy and internal turmoil that he had experienced during the period 1870-80. In this context, Il Penseroso and La Notte draw our attention because of their somber image of darkness, as represented prior to that period. This article traces the mechanism of his memories while simultaneously undertaking La Notte and reworking Il Penseroso, unraveling pieces of the memories of death and grief that are derived from both internal and external musical influences. Beginning with a focus on his tragedies and misfortunes centered on the period 1858-62 as well as his death-related compositions, this study investigates how the disparate pieces of memory that stem from fine arts, literature, and Hungarian-Gypsy idioms are intertwined in his intimate realm of grief.
Finally, the parallels between the two pieces and the later Sunt Lacrymae Rerum (1872) offer insight into his musical vocabulary of death and grief that ultimately encompasses his early, middle, and late career and oeuvres.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

리스트의 후기 많은 작품들은 그가 1870-1880년대에 겪었던 우울함을 반영하듯 죽음과 슬픔의이미지로 가득하다. 이러한 맥락에서 후기 이전에 작곡된 ≪일 펜세로소≫와 ≪라 노테≫는 이상하리만큼 어두운 점에서 눈길을 끈다. 이 글은 이 두 작품을 죽음, 상실, 슬픔에 대한 기억의관점에서 탐구한다. 그가 ≪라 노테≫를 착수할 무렵 겪었던 상실과 고통의 시간을 시작으로 ≪일펜세로소≫를 재작업하면서 여러 가지 기억을 떠올리는 과정에 주목한다. 그 과정에서 소환되는죽음, 상실에 대한 음악 내적⋅외적인 요소들을 조명하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다.
글은 다섯 부분으로 구성된다. 1부는 1858-1862년 사이 리스트가 경험한 극도의 상실, 고통, 비극을 조명하고 죽음에 대한 심취가 반영된 그의 작품들을 이어서 살펴본다. 2-4부는 ≪일 펜세로소≫와 ≪라 노테≫에서 보이는 리스트의 기억의 메커니즘을 따라가며, 단편적이고도 이질적인 요소들, 즉 순수 예술작품, 문학, 헝가리 집시 이디엄들이 혼합되어 보다 개인적인 영역의 ‘죽음’에 대한 작품이 되는 점에 주목한다. 마지막으로 5부는 ≪일 펜세로소≫와 ≪라 노테≫의 관계를 확장하여 그의 후기 작품인 ≪눈물이 있다네≫를 살펴보면서, 그의 초기, 중기, 후기를 관통하는 죽음과 기억에 대한 음악적 표현을 조명한다.

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