토양컬럼을 이용한 테트라사이클린계 및 설폰아마이드계 항생물질의 이동특성 평가 = Transport of Selected Veterinary Antibiotics (Tetracyclines and Sulfonamides) in a Sandy Loam Soil: Laboratory-Scale Soil Column Experiments

국문 초록 (Abstract)

항생물질은 기생충의 박멸, 질병의 예방과 치료, 생장촉진 등을 목적으로 이용되는 생리적 활성도가 높은 물질이다. 항생물질은 투여량의 20~30% 만이 사용되며 나머지는 배출되기 때문에 과량 사용시 환경으로 유입되어 내성 박테리아의 출현을 야기할 수 있다. 최근 들어 수질에서 잔류 항생물질에 대한 모니터링 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 국내의 경우 토양에 관한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 사용량이 높은 tetracycline 계열 및 sulfonamide 계열 항생물질을 선정하여 토양 컬럼에서 토양 깊이별 그리고 침출수로의 이동성을 평가하였다. 항생물질 중 tetracycline 계열 3종(tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline)은 토양에서의 질량 회수율이 28.00~44.11%로 나타나 침출수의 질량 회수율 (10.54~27.43%) 보다 높게 조사되었다. 이는 tetracycline 계열 항생물질의 높은 흡착계수(Kd)로 인해 점토광물 및 양이온과 강하게 흡착함으로서 침출수에는 소량이 검출된 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 sulfonamide 계열 2종(sulfamethazine와 sulfathiazole)은 침출수에서의 질량 회수율이 23.19~26.20%로 토양의 질량회수율(10.41~14.21%)보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 sulfonamide 계열 항생물질이 상대적으로 낮은 흡착계수 값을 지녀 토양에서의 이동성이 높기 때문으로 판단되었고 환경 중 유거수(runoff)를 통해 쉽게 이동할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Antibiotics are biologically active substances and commonly used for therapeutic treatment of infectious disease in humans and for treating and protecting the health of animals. In recent years, antibiotics have attracted worldwide attention because of their side effects on the environment. Consequently, efforts have been made to monitor the residual of antibiotics in the environment. This study tested the mobility of tetracyclines and sulfonamides in soil and leachate through column experiments. The three tetracycline antibiotics showed higher mass recovery rates in all kinds of soils(28.00~44.11%) than in leachate(10.54~27.43%). This seems attributable to the high adsorption coefficient values(Kd) of tetracyclines representing strong and active adsorbability to organic and mineral phases in soil, ending up relatively small amount being detected in surface water. By contrast, the sulfonamides(sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole) showed higher mass recovery rates in leachate(23.19~26.20%) compared to in soil(10.41~14.21%) due to lower adsorption coefficient values and higher mobility of sulfonamides, enabling easier movement to surface water through the runoff in the environment.

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