한국어교육을 위한 복합문법의 차원과 확장

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This dissertation aims to propose the dimensions of complex grammar and its extension conception based on the dimensions to systematize the complex grammar for Korean language education as a foreign language (KFL) and to further present the Korean language dictionary of complex grammar for use in the educational field.
The grammar consists of grammatical form, grammatical category and grammatical rule, and it is treated with the importance that abstracted grammatical forms and generalized grammatical category or rules in national language education. However, the grammatical forms that learners can observe directly are considered the most important in KFL. When foreign learners study Korean, the focus is based on grammatical forms, not abstract literary categories and combinations of grammatical forms. After all, grammatical forms have an important value in that they can be directly called grammar in KFL. Therefore, this study discusses the grammar in KFL and intends to define the combination of grammatical forms or grammatical forms as grammar other than grammar categories or grammar rules.
Grammar taught in Korean language education includes a single form of grammar and a complex form of grammar. The complex grammar being mentioned is the addition of another grammatical or vocabulary form to one grammatical form. This complex grammar is divided into ‘homogeneous complex grammar and ‘heterogeneous complex grammar’, depending on whether its components are homogenous or not in the grammatical category, and are classified as 'continuous complex grammar' and ' discontinuous complex grammar', depending on the continuity of the configuration arrangement. The complex grammar can be divided into four sub-types, based on the two levels of criteria mentioned above: ‘homogenous continuous complex grammar (-네요: sentence-closing ending + auxiliary postpositional particle)’, ‘homogenous discontinuous complex grammar (-든지□-든지-: connective ending + connective ending)’, heterogeneous continuous complex grammar (-은 지: transformative ending + dependent noun) and heterogeneous discontinuous complex grammar (여간□-지 않-: adverb + connective ending + auxiliary predicate element).
This study aims to introduce the concepts of 'the dimensions of complex grammar' and 'the extension of complex grammar dimensions' to systematically examine complex grammar. The dimension being described is the primary mechanism for organizing complex grammar, indicating the number of elements that make up complex grammar. Increasing the form of grammar means that the content and thoughts that are communicated become more complex. The increase of complex grammar dimensions means that not only is the complexity in the form, but also in the complexity of the content and message it conveys. Through this concept of dimensions in complex grammar, it is possible to systematically classify complex grammar scattered in Korean textbooks and examine the specific aspects of complex grammar being taught in the field of Korean language education field.
Complex grammar consists of two or more language forms, which have a figure of more than two dimensions. When more forms are added, the higher the dimension becomes. This study defines the increase in dimensions due to the addition of complex grammar. For example, ' –다고 하-(sentence-closing ending + case-marking propositional particle + verb: three dimensions heterogeneous continuous complex grammar) is added to the right side of the 'connective ending’' to extend to ' – 다고 해도(sentence-closing ending + case-marking propositional particle + verb+ connective ending: four dimensions heterogeneous continuous complex grammar).' This concept is meaningful in that various dimensions of complex grammar which have been observed individually, can be systematically examined through the networking of associations. The basis for the extension of the complex grammar dimension is called the "core" and the complex grammar, which is used as the core, is called "core complex grammar." In addition, the ' periphery' binds and extends to the core, and the result is called ‘extension complex grammar’.
Extensions at the complex grammar dimension are divided into left-extension, right-extension and left- an-right extension depending on the direction in which the extension takes place. In addition, the extending aspects of complex grammar can be described systematically through extension, divergence and gradation. The extension shows how wide the periphery diverges radially from the core, and the divergence represents how long one peripheral branch can be extended. The gradation is a concept associated with the divergence, which refers to whether each step continues without a gap.
Complex grammar, which has importance in Korean language education, is structured through the concept of dimension and extension, and this theoretical study is an important source in complex grammar dictionary developments that can directly help educators in the Korean language education field. The complex grammar dictionary is a selection and arrangement of headings based on the analysis of the internal structure of complex grammar and the organization of morphological associations among complex grammar under the concept of dimensionality extension. This complex grammar dictionary is primarily developed for Korean language teachers, where instructors can explicitly identify the structure of complex grammar and identify related complex grammar at a glance. Also, learners with advanced linguistic proficiency will be able to improve their Korean language skills by easily identifying the structure and combination rules of complex grammar of interest through this dictionary.
In order to systematize complex grammar and compile a dictionary based on such research, this study analyzed Korean textbooks currently in publication. The subject of the analysis are integrated textbooks developed by university institutions with a long history of Korean language education, with all levels from 1 to 6, of which six Korean textbooks have been reorganized more than once.
First, upon analyzing the dimensions of homogeneous continuous complex grammar and homogeneous discontinuous complex grammar which combine two or more grammatical forms, three kinds of dimensions (two-dimension, three-dimension and four-dimension) appear in both types. Among them, the ratio of two-dimensions is large. The comparison of the types, tokens and frequencies of both show that homogeneous continuous complex grammar make a greater share of Korean language education than homogeneous discontinuous complex grammar. Upon research on the distribution of homogeneous complex grammar in the six textbooks, the ratio of complex grammar observed only in one textbook is advanced, so the complex grammar presented by each textbook is vastly different. Next, the classified distribution of complex grammar shows that in the case of homogeneous continuous complex grammar, the sentence-ending complex grammar prevailed in the first half, while the homogeneous discontinuous complex grammar and many non-sentence-endings complex grammar appeared in the latter half of learning.
Next, looking at the extension of the homogeneous complex grammar, all types participate in the extension, but only 33% of the types of homogeneous discontinuous complex grammar were included in the extension. This suggests that extension is more active in continuous complex grammar. In the extension of homogeneous continuous complex grammar, one branch stretched out from the core and one phase of continuous extension was noticeable. In homogeneous discontinuous complex grammar, such aspects became more severe, with only one branching off all cores and only one phase of continuous extension was observed. Meanwhile, the auxiliary postpositional particle was strong in both the core and periphery.
Furthermore, upon studying the dimensions of heterogeneous complex grammar, which combines grammar form and vocabulary form, nine dimensions (2-10 dimension) appeared in heterogeneous continuous complex grammar, and eleven dimensions (2-12 dimension) appeared in heterogeneous discontinuous complex grammar. Overall, the ratio of two to five dimensions were significant. This shows that heterogeneous complex grammar is more complex than homogeneous complex grammar. Comparing the two types (tokens, and frequencies) shows that heterogeneous continuous complex grammar accounts for a greater share of Korean language education than heterogeneous discontinuous grammar, and the difference between continuous and discontinuous complex grammar was also observed in homogeneous complex grammar. While looking at the distribution of heterogeneous complex grammar at the level, similar to heterogeneous continuous complex grammar, the sentence-ending complex grammar prevails in the first half, and non-sentence-ending complex grammar appeared more in the latter part of learning. It was shown that heterogeneous discontinuous complex grammar is intensively taught later in learning.
Looking at the extension of heterogeneous complex grammar, 90% of the types of heterogeneous continuous complex grammar participate in the extension, while only about 36% of the types of heterogeneous discontinuous complex grammar participate in the extension. As mentioned earlier, this shows that extensions are more frequent in continuous complex grammar. First, if you look at the heterogeneous continuous complex grammar, it is most often observed that one branch was stretched from the core, but some cores show high extension. Second, as for the divergence, the extension of step 1 to 8 is observed, of which the most frequent extensions are observed from step 1 to 3, but extension complex grammar with some higher levels is also observed. Extensions that show gradation only appear in steps 1 to 3, and discontinuous extensions have been observed since stage 2 and only discontinuous extensions have been observed from stage 4. Meanwhile, the extension of heterogeneous discontinuous complex grammar shows that one branches out from most cores, the extension is observed from step 1 to 7, the continuous extension is observed only in step 1, and only discontinuous extension is shown from step 2. On the other hand, the analysis of language categories appearing in the two types of core showed a high percentage of endings (connective endings, sentence-closing endings, and transformative endings) and particles (class marking propositional particles, auxiliary propositional particles) in grammar categories and verbs in vocabulary categories. The ratio of grammar categories to vocabulary categories was higher, indicating that grammar categories were leading the extension of complex grammar.
Finally, this study demonstrated actual examples of complex grammar dictionary for some complex grammar observed in six Korean textbooks. If you look at the composition of the complex grammar dictionary, the first "complex grammar map" appears, which gives a glimpse of how the periphery is combined and extended based on the core complex grammar. Information about the type, token and distribution of the complex grammar map is presented. At this time, the token becomes the title of the compound grammar dictionary, and detailed information such as "compound grammar configuration", "location on the map", "type of complex grammar" and "combination information" are given under the table to help dictionary users to correctly understand the information. Lastly, examples extracted from Korean textbooks are presented along with an information guide. This study tried to define complex grammar, which makes up a significant part of Korean language education, and to systematize it based on the concept of dimension and expansion. This dissertation is meaningful to propose a complex grammar dictionary compilation as a way to utilize this theoretical study.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1 연구 목적 1
• 1.2 선행 연구 6
• 1.3 논문 구성 15
• 2. 복합문법의 차원과 확장 17
• 2.1 한국어교재의 복합문법 차원 17
• 2.2 복합문법 차원의 확장 23
• 2.3 소결 32
• 3. 단성 복합문법 34
• 3.1 단성 연속 복합문법 34
• 3.1.1 단성 연속 복합문법의 차원 34
• 3.1.2 단성 연속 복합문법 차원의 확장 46
• 3.2 단성 불연속 복합문법 55
• 3.2.1 단성 불연속 복합문법의 차원 55
• 3.2.2 단성 불연속 복합문법 차원의 확장 64
• 3.3 소결 69
• 4. 혼성 복합문법 72
• 4.1 혼성 연속 복합문법 72
• 4.1.1 혼성 연속 복합문법의 차원 72
• 4.1.2 혼성 연속 복합문법 차원의 확장 100
• 4.2 혼성 불연속 복합문법 114
• 4.2.1 혼성 불연속 복합문법의 차원 115
• 4.2.2 혼성 불연속 복합문법 차원의 확장 127
• 4.3 소결 138
• 5. 복합문법의 차원과 확장에 기반한 사전 편찬 142
• 5.1 한국어 복합문법 사전의 개요 142
• 5.1.1 한국어 복합문법 사전의 구성 142
• 5.1.2 한국어 복합문법 사전의 예문 146
• 5.2 한국어 복합문법 사전의 실제 150
• 5.2.1 복합문법의 좌측확장 유형 150
• 5.2.2 복합문법의 우측확장 유형 158
• 5.2.3 복합문법의 좌·우확장 유형 173
• 5.2.4 복합문법 사전의 구현 사례 189
• 5.3 소결 252
• 6. 결론 254
• 참고문헌 262
• 부록 270
• ABSTRACT 280