중세 유대교 민담에 나타난 몸에 대한 이해

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 중세 유대 민담에 나타난 몸에 대한 이해를 분석하고 있다. 몸에 대한 유대인의 입장을 분석한 연구가 몇몇 학자들에 의해서 진행되었으나, 대부분의 연구는 랍비들에 의해서 쓰인 글을 분석하는 차원에서 이루어지기에 중세 일반 유대인들의 견해라고 볼 수 없다. 그래서 이 논문에서는 구전되는 전승이나 또는 타 문화의 구전 전승을 채택하는 과정에서 유대화한 민담을 분석함으로써 몸에 대한 일반 유대인들의 관점을 분석하고자 한다. 민담서사는 개인에서 개인으로 또는 세대에서 세대로 구전되는 과정에서 새롭게 구성되는데, 이러한 과정에서 일반인들의 관점이 스며들게 되었다. 일반인들의 관점을 담지하고 있다는 측면에서 민담을 분석함으로써 몸에 대한 식자층의 입장이 아니라 일반인들 관점이 드러난다고 할 수 있다. 이 연구를 통해서 유대인의 몸에 대한 이해는 크게 5가지 범주로 나누어 이해할 수 있다. 중세 유대인들은 민담을 통해서 몸을 죄에 대한 징벌, 진실을 드러내는 도구, 갈등, 저항, 유대인의 정체성이라는 차원에서 이해하였다. 특별히 몸은 기존 질서나 체제에 대한 저항적인 요소를 포함하는 것이 가장 보편적인 성격이라고 할 수 있다. 민담의 기능이 저항적인 요소를 지닌다는 것은 이미 연구가 진행되었다. 이 논문이 이러한 저항적인 요소가 몸이라는 상징적 매체를 통해서 전달됨을 보여주었다는 측면에서 연구의 독창성과 중요성이 있다. 그리고 중세 유대인들의 몸에 대한 관점은 당시 유대인들이 처한 사회적인 상황을 고려하여 설명할 수 있다. 중세 서유럽에서 소수민족으로 살아가는 유대인들에게 몸은 자신들의 저항을 담아내는 상징체계였음을 알 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this article, I am going to explore the body images in the medieval Jewish folk narratives. The body as the most concrete dimension of human life is the crucial element of folklore. In general the basic character of folklore is its directness and concreteness. Sometimes the special character of folklore would be simplistic, trivial, and primitives. Academic and philosophical research areas rarely use the folkloric creativity because of those characters. However, the folklore creates the medium of communication. Because the medium is mainly oral, the folklore work is easy to understand and to remember. In most cases, the folkoric work is intended for the most inclusive spectrum of society. Attitudes toward the body embedded in folktales, beliefs, or rituals reflect more than the opinions of one person only. Since the folk created and recreated by many individuals, one generation to another generation, the folklore has become an asset to the history of human society. I have approached the question of the human body in the medieval Jewish folklore through a discussion of the most popular narrative works of the period. In my analysis of the Jewish folklore, I epitomize the five characters of body in the medieval Jewish folk narratives such as punishment of sin, communication of the truth, conflict, protest, and Jewish identity. In all the folk stories, the body stands in conflict with social norms or religious precepts. The famous scholars already had examined that the basis of the narrative plot is the conflict between individuals, moral values. Through five characters which I have mentioned above, the body is used by the society as a means of exposing the Jewish attitude toward the five characters of the life. The Jewish society of the Medieval era, considered the body as a vehicles to express reactions to the conflicts and tensions of its life. These elements reflect the everyday conflicts of reality. The body is not an entity superfluous to the spiritual life of Jewish society, but the individual or society truths of Jewish life are exposed.

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