인천시의 거주지역분화와 공간패턴에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Residential Differentiation and Spatial Pattern of Inchon City

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study is to analyze in general the residential differentiation and spatial pattern of Inchon city. In order to conduct this study the population, number of households and numbers of houses were used as an index of analysis. For the purposes of this study, the process of growth of Inchon city from 1970 to 1980 and spatial variation of densely populated areas, improvements in the means of transportation, maintenance of traffic flow systems, growth of the manufacturing industry and locational change, growth of the distribution industry and spatial diffusion and spatial enlargement of urban of urban area were examined. In particular, all changes within this city were found to be due to the rapid increase in the absolute number of the population. Inchoncity has emerged as the fourth largest city (i.e. among cities having populations of over one million) in these past ten years.
Based on the process of growth of Inchoncity and features of the city's structure, twelve factors were transferred onto a choropleth map divided into census-dong unit areas and analyzed. As a result, the sex-age structure of the population, population mobility, household ownership, residential land value, when houses were built and house types were recognized as the index of residential differentiation.
Using the above analysis in order to grasp a systmatic phenomenon of residential differentiation, and with the result of factor analysis of 54 variables, 6 main factors were inferred and these factors explain 59.6 of total variances.
Factor I is related to population composition, population mobility, socio-economic status, and cultural institutions. If we consider areal distribution of these factors, the previous downtown area of Jung-gu and the new downtown area of Nam-gu consist of two centerial areas which present a high factor score.
Factor II is related to age group, the population distinction according to se generation composition, marriage status, household ownership, and type of fuel used in heating. It is related to an agricultural factor, the manfacturing industry, and the tertiary industry. The region which displays these two characteristics is the urban fringe area of Buk-gu and Nam-gu. These characteristics of distribution suggest that there is a relationship between the location of the manufacturing industry and the tertiary of the City and residential differentiation.
Factor III is related to the infant population, the less well educated population, houses constructed with poorer quality materials, etc. And factor III indicates the socio-economic class of residential stability and residents. The areas which best represent the features of this factor are location around the industrial complex. The typical example is what is called $quot;Singichon.$quot;
Factor IV is concerned with high class residential function, schools and so forth. The place which well represents the features of this factor are the urban central area in Jung-gu and the whole of Sung use-dong in Nam-gu. The former area was developed as a Japanese residential area during the colonial period and the latter developed as Korean residential area since 1945. Therefore, these areas became good residential districts where upper income residences such as apartments appeared.
Factor V is concerned with the state the state of economic activity. The urban area of Jung-gu and Nam-gu and core industrial complex areas have a high concentration of economic activity. Factor VI is concerned with the occupation of the head of the household, type of fuel used for beatings and so forth. This factor represents the most simple feature among the six factors. The area which the highest score area, Gansuk-dong, is recognized as the most stable and prosperous one.
When Factors I and II explaining the most variance among six factors, are integrated on the system of coordtnates with two demensional taxonomic spaces, we can divide Inchon into four homogeneous areas: the urban central area in Jung-gu and Dong-gu, Juan-dong and Gansukdong areas in Nam-gu form area (A), the fringe areas of those areas forms area (B), the greater part of Nam-gu forms area (C), and the areas of Buk-gu area (D).
According to these results, the residential pattern of Inchon seems to be primarily affected by regional urban history, the urban growth axes and accessibility.