日本福岛ALPS处理水排海后中韩海洋环境合作的挑战与治理机制构建研究 = China–South Korea Marine Environmental Cooperation Following the Discharge of Fukushima ALPS-Treated Water: Challenges and Governance Mechanism Construction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

福岛ALPS处理水排海后，相关问题已由排海前的政策争议逐步演变为长期化、常态化的跨 境海洋环境风险治理难题。中国和韩国虽同为日本周边国家，但两国在政策工具、风险认 知和治理路径上存在着一定的差异。因此，本文关注的核心问题是：在政策立场并不完全 一致的条件下，中韩两国能否围绕福岛ALPS处理水排海问题形成一种稳定、务实的海洋环 境合作机制，以及这种合作应建立在何种条件之上。本研究采用文献分析、案例分析和比 较分析相结合的方法，系统梳理了福岛ALPS处理水排海后的环境风险、两国政策回应及既 有中韩环境合作的经验。研究发现，中韩合作的基础并不仅在于共同的环境风险关切，更 在于双方能够通过合作获得单独行动难以实现的实际收益，即提高监测信息获取能力、降 低长期监测成本、强化在多边机制中的议题设置和谈判能力，以及缓解水产品安全、公众 风险感知和区域舆论压力等社会风险。基于此，本研究认为，中韩海洋环境合作应避免停 留于原则性表态，而应转向技术化、制度化和渐进式的功能性合作。具体而言，两国可围 绕长期海洋放射性监测、实验室间比对、监测数据共享、水产品安全信息沟通、公众风险 说明以及IAEA、NOWPAP、TEMM等多边机制衔接，构建可持续的海洋环境风险治理机 制。

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the initiation of the ocean discharge of Fukushima ALPS-treated water, the issue has transitioned from a pre-discharge policy controversy into a long-term challenge of transboundary marine environmental risk governance. Although China and South Korea are both neighboring states of Japan, the two countries diverge considerably in their policy instruments, risk perceptions, and governance approaches. This study examines the conditions under which these divergences can be bridged to establish a stable and pragmatic bilateral mechanism for marine environmental cooperation. Drawing on document analysis, case analysis, and comparative analysis, this study reviews the environmental risks associated with the Fukushima ALPS-treated water discharge, the respective policy responses of China and South Korea, and existing precedents of bilateral environmental cooperation between the two countries. The findings indicate that the foundation for such cooperation rests not only on shared environmental concerns, but more critically on strategic incentives that neither country can readily realize through unilateral action. These incentives include improved access to monitoring data, reduced long-term monitoring costs, enhanced agenda-setting and negotiating capacity within multilateral frameworks, and the effective management of social risks pertaining to seafood safety, public risk perception, and regional public opinion. On the basis of these findings, this study argues that China–South Korea marine environmental cooperation should move beyond declaratory commitments toward technical, institutionalized, and incremental functional cooperation. Specifically, the two countries are well-positioned to construct a sustainable marine environmental risk governance mechanism through coordinated long-term marine radioactivity monitoring, interlaboratory comparison exercises, monitoring data sharing, seafood safety information exchange, public risk communication, and structured engagement with multilateral frameworks, including the IAEA, NOWPAP, and TEMM.