백제(百濟)의 건국과 구태(仇台) = The Foundation of Baekje and Gutae

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

According to the Chinese history book, Baekje(百濟) became powerful in the early 3rd century as Gutae(仇台), a descendant of Dongmyeong, married a daughter of Gongsun Duo(公孫度) who betook himself to Liao-dong, and his descendants founded a country in Daebang(帶方) for the first time. It is confirmed by 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』, Baekjebonki(百濟本紀) and Onjowangki(溫祚王紀) through the fact that the areas of ``Paesu(浿水)―Daesu(帶水)-Hansu(漢水)’ were designated as river areas and the King of Baekje married a daughter of Daebang governor-general of Gongson Family. ``Gutae(仇台)`` whose period can be compared to the 6th king, Gusu of Baekje(King Gusu, the period of reign : 214~234) has the same Gu(仇) with ``Gusu(仇首)`` and tae(台) with the second word of Utae(優台)`` who is the founder of the Biryu folktale. Considered the facts that the son of King Gusu(仇首王) is King Biryu(比流王) in the Baekje king genealogy, and Biryu(沸流) is the son of Utae(優台) in the Biryu folktale, the possibility that Gutae(仇台), Utae(優台) and Gusu(仇首) are the same person is high. In addition, that fact that ``U(優)`` is similar to ``Gu(仇)`` in the letter type when it is expressed to ``U(우)`` in simplified Chinese more supports the above. According to 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』, the relationship of the originator and the builder of Baekje has an equality of ``Originator(始祖)`` = the father of ``Builder(建國主).`` Accordingly, in Biryu folktale, the originator is Utae but the builder is Biryu, and in the Chinese history book, the country name of ``Baekje`` is related to its appearance in the year 344 before the reign of King Biryu(比流王)(304~344) that is considered to be the same person with Biryu(沸流). Therefore, it can be considered that the originator of Baekje is Gutae(仇台)(＝Utae(優台)＝Gusu(仇首)) and the builder Biryu(沸流)(=King Biryu(比流王)). But as Onjo folktale is recognized as the formal originator folktale of Baekje, and its originator is Dongmyeong (東明) and the builder is Onjo(溫祚), 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』 tells a different story from the Chinese history book. This is because the formal originator folktale of Baekje was changed from Biryu folktale to Onjo folktale, and it is related to the fact that in the period, Baekje changed its origin from ``another kind of Buyeo(夫餘)`` to ``legitimate kind of Buyeo(夫餘).`` It seems that the originator folktale was changed from the change of the origin viewpoint by King Seong that changed the name of the country to Nambuyeo(南扶餘) along with the transfer of the capital to Sabi(泗비). The King Dongseong Genealogy that transfers from ``King Dongseong(東城王), King Muryung(武寧王), King Seong(聖王) to King Uideok(威德王) is included in the king genealogy of Baekje as a collateral line of King Gaero, also called ``King Geungaeru(近蓋婁王)`` and this has a thread of connection with the fact that Goi genealogy that links ``King Goi(古爾系), King Chaekgye(責稽王), King Bunseo(汾西王) and King Gye(契王) is included in the king genealogy of Baekje as a direct line of King Gaeru(蓋婁王). It is considered that the administration of King Goi that was included in the Royal line as a direct line was beautified in compliance with the meritorious founder of a country and holding the king genealogy was justified. As the origin viewpoint was changed from ``another kind of Buyeo(夫餘)`` to ``legitimate kind of Buyeo(夫餘).`` by King Seong who belonged to the King Dongsong Genealogy, so was the name of the country to Nambuyeo and the origin folktale was changed from Biryu folktale to Onjo folktale. By the change of the origin folktale, the Uate grave that regarded the real father of Biryu as the originaotr was rewritten as the Dongmyeong grave in the national records of Baekje, but overseas records did not rewrite it and the Gutae grave(仇台廟)(= Utae grave) still remains as it is.