생명윤리와 문화에 대한 소고 = A Study on Bioethics and Cultural

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

These days medical and biological have radically advanced. Especially life-medical technology is in liaison with life which is related with the field of human``s life and death, this brings up many ethical problems. By looking through the research of bioethics, we will try to solve ethical problems which have been brought up. Considering the cultural aspects is natural since bioethics is related with questions such as ``What kind of life does human want to live``, ``What kind of life will society provide``. Also, bioethics has to be always conscious of cultural or social difference. Because of this, the jargon ``bioethics`` has got attention from the public, and interest to bioethics has grown. From this aspect, bioethics problems such as production technique, brain death and organ transplantation, withdrawing life sustaining treatment, and more that we face all need to consider cultural aspects. But even though it is necessary, we still cannot understand the meaning of considering the cultural aspects of bioethics, and just comparison and explanation of culture are being used in reality. Meanwhile, culture is various and, perception and values of human is different following their cultures. From this point, opposition of cultural relativity and cultural imperialism is basically showing theoretical discussion aspect of whether essence of cultural apprehension and universal human mind investigation is possible. Because each culture has their own inherent value and this value cannot be measured is the thinking of cultural relativity, and to this, cultural imperialism emphasizes thoughts of Western dominant culture of universal human right to the Third World such as Asia, Africa and more. Also, even if cultural relativity is true does not necessarily mean that ethics justifies relatives. Thus, it would be important to separate ethical relativity from cultural relativity. Denying ethical relativity while accepting cultural relativity is possible even if ethical relativity comes from cultural relativity background. From these settings, transcultural life-ethics stimulate understandings between different cultures. Transcultural life-ethics should actively emphasize understanding of other nation’s culture and value, and rationally analyzing their own values so that universal core values, transcending from any certain culture, can be recognized. Because of this reason, even if a cultural area accommodates rations of other cultural area, it takes a lot of time and effort to internalize it to do a proper function in that cultural area.

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