근대화와 새로운 여가양식의 형성 = 19C 영국의 뮤직홀을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문의 목적은 근대화와 더불어 새롭게 탄생한 여가양식의 형성과정을 살펴보면서 그 의미를 사회학적으로 해석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 19세기 후반기 영국에서 급성장한 뮤직홀을 연구대상으로 하고, 이 글은 다음과 같이 구성된다. 먼저 뮤직홀이 생성된 사회적 배경을 살펴보고, 다음에는 뮤직홀이 탄생해서 변신하고, 확산되는 과정을 살펴본다. 마지막으로 새로운 여가양식이라고 할 수 있는 뮤직홀의 변천과정이 어떤 의미를 지니고 있는지를 사회학적으로 해석한다. 뮤직홀은 1850년대 초반에 탄생하여, 1890년대부터 20년 동안 전성기를 구가하면서 영국의 국민문화로 자리 잡는다. 뮤직홀은 1880년대까지만 하더라도 전형적인 노동자 계급의 문화였다. 그러나 뮤직홀에서 음주를 추방하고, 공연내용을 버라이어티 쇼로 바꾸면서 1890년대부터는 지체 있는 부르주아와 그의 가족까지도 고객으로 확보한다. 이러한 뮤직홀의 변천과정에서 찾아볼 수 있는 중요한 특징은 여가의 상업화와 여가의 합리화 현상이다. 그리고 뮤직홀은 거대 자본에 의해 운영되는 여가산업이지만 노동계급의 정치적 성향이 표출되기도 하는, 즉 일상의 정치가 일어나는 장소이기도 했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study proposes to see how a new form of leisure give birth in modern society. We put the focus on the music hall industry, which recorded a rapid growth in the second half of the 19th century in England. The choice of music hall industry for our purpose derived from two features. First, it represents a totally new style of leisure different from leisure forms of the past. Second, it is depicted as a national culture of England, loved by the whole nation.
The organization of the study comprises three parts. The first part explains the social backgrounds which enabled the formation of the music hall industry, the second part is dedicated to the modification of the original forms of music hall and its rapid spreading out. In the last part, we tried to interpret the meanings of this new style of leisure in terms of sociology.
The music hall industry is created as a new form of leisure more adapted in the industrial era amidst many changes brought in the field of traditional leisure. It gave birth around 1850s, recorded its highest growth during two decades from 1890s and established itself as a national culture of England. From the beginning to 1880s, the music hall represented a typical working class culture. A place where the audience drinks, sings, attends to a spectacle and communicates with artists. Problems arose concerning drinking and prostitution taking place in the music hall, and reformers' strong criticism lead to legal sanctions. That entails the closing down of a considerable number of small scale music halls, but the music hall industry went through some important metamorphoses to achieve a renewed development. The principal modifications consisted of the banishment of drinks from the music hall and the changes brought in spectacle contents to variety shows. At last, the music hall is well frequented not only by working class, but also by respectable bourgeoisie and their families. The process of transformation of the music hall industry appears to be a good example of commercialization and rationalization of leisure activities. Being managed by entrepreneurial capitals, the music hall provided yet an arena of everyday politics for the working class to express their political inclinations.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 국문초록
• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 새로운 여가양식의 탄생배경: 뮤직홀의 생성배경
• Ⅲ. 뮤직홀의 변천 과정
• Ⅳ. 새로운 대중여가의 사회학적 함의
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

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