World politics : trend and transformation

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• PART I CHANGE AND TRANSFORMATION IN WORLD POLITICS = 1
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING TREND AND TRANSFORMATION IN WORLD POLITICS: THEMES = 3
• Continuity and Change in World Politics = 4
• Predicting the Problematic Future = 7
• Organizing Inquiry: A Framework for Analysis = 8
• Suggested Readings = 8
• CHAPTER 2 THE STUDY OF WORLD POLITICS: RIVAL PERSPECTIVES IN CHANGING CONTEXTS = 10
• Image and Reality in World Politics = 11
• Images of Reality = 14
• THE SOURCES OF IMAGES = 14
• THE NATURE OF IMAGES = 15
• THE ROLE OF IMAGES IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS = 15
• Sources of Image Change = 16
• Understanding World Politics: The Elusive Quest for Theory = 17
• Current History = 18
• Political Idealism = 19
• THE IDEALIST WORLD VIEW = 19
• THE IDEALIST REFORM PROGRAM = 20
• Political Realism = 21
• THE REALIST WORLD VIEW = 22
• REALISM IN THE NUCLEAR AGE = 23
• THE LIMITATIONS OF REALISM = 24
• REALISM'S CONTINUING RELEVANCE = 25
• The Behavioral Approach = 25
• SCIENCE VERSUS TRADITIONALISM = 25
• A SCIENCE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS? = 26
• POSTBEHAVIORALISM = 27
• POSTMODERNISM = 28
• Extending Realism: The Neorealist Structural Approach = 28
• A SYSTEMS THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS = 29
• IMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC CONSTRAINTS = 30
• Neoliberalism = 31
• COMPLEX INTERDEPENDENCE AS A WORLD VIEW = 33
• INTERNATIONAL REGIMES = 33
• LIBERAL FEMINIST THEORY = 35
• International Politics in a World of Change = 35
• Rival Theories and Evidence = 36
• HEGEMONIC STABILITY THEORY = 36
• LONG-CYCLE THEORY = 38
• WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY = 38
• DEPENDENCY THEORY = 38
• COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICY = 38
• Levels of Analysis = 39
• World Politics: The Analytical Challenge = 40
• Suggested Readings = 40
• PART II RELATIONS AMONG GLOBAL ACTORS = 43
• CHAPTER 3 FOREIGN POLICY DECISION MAKING: COPING WITH INTERNATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES = 45
• The Unitary Actor and Rational Decision Making = 46
• States as Unitary Actors = 46
• Policy Making as Rational Choice = 47
• Impediments to Rational Choice = 49
• The Bureaucratic Politics of Foreign Policy Decision Making = 51
• Foreign-Policy-Making Organizations = 52
• Bureaucracy, Efficiency, and Rationality = 52
• THE LIMITS OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION = 53
• ATTRIBUTES OF BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOR = 55
• THE CONSEQUENCES OF BUREAUCRATIC POLICY MAKING = 56
• The Role of Leaders in Foreign Policy Decision Making = 58
• Leaders as Makers and Movers of World History = 58
• Factors Affecting Leaders' Capacity to Lead = 60
• Limits to the Hero-in-History Model = 62
• Other Determinants of Foreign Policy Behavior = 62
• Geopolitics = 63
• Military Capabilities = 65
• Economic Development = 65
• Type of Government = 66
• DEMOCRACIES' FOREIGN POLICY PERFORMANCE = 67
• CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPREAD OF DEMOCRACY = 69
• Constraints on Foreign Policy Making in a Transforming World: Problems and Prospects = 71
• Suggested Readings = 72
• CHAPTER 4 GREAT-POWER POLITICS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE = 73
• The Quest for Great-Power Hegemony = 74
• The First World War = 76
• The Causes of World War I = 76
• STRUCTURALISM = 76
• RATIONAL CHOICE = 78
• OTHER EXPLANATIONS = 78
• The Consequences of World War I = 79
• The Second World War = 81
• The Causes of World War II = 82
• PROXIMATE CAUSES = 82
• UNDERLYING CAUSES = 84
• The Consequences of World War II = 85
• The Cold War as History = 88
• The Causes of the Cold War = 88
• A CONFLICT OF INTERESTS = 88
• IDEOLOGICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES = 89
• MISPERCEPTIONS = 90
• The Cold War's Characteristics = 91
• CONFRONTATION, 1945-1962 = 92
• FROM COEXISTENCE TO D$$\acute E$$TENTE, 1963-1978 = 95
• FROM RENEWED CONFRONTATION TO RAPPROCHEMENT, 1979-1991 = 97
• The Cold War's Consequences = 99
• THE PROBLEMATIC RUSSIAN FUTURE = 99
• LESSONS FROM THE COLD WAR'S END = 100
• The Future of Great-Power Politics after the Cold War = 102
• Post-Cold War Scenarios = 104
• A Twenty-First-Century Multipolar World = 105
• THE CHALLENGE OF MULTIPOLARITY = 107
• RESPONDING TO MULTIPOLARITY'S CHALLENGE = 109
• Suggested Readings = 110
• CHAPTER 5 THE NORTH-SOUTH CONFLICT: ROOTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL INEQUALITIES = 111
• The Rise and Fall of European Empires = 112
• The Emergence of the Modern State System = 113
• The First Wave of European Imperialism = 116
• The Second Wave of European Imperialism = 117
• ECONOMIC EXPLANATIONS OF THE NEW IMPERIALISM = 119
• POLITICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE NEW IMPERIALISM = 120
• Colonialism and Self-Determination in the Interwar Period = 121
• The End of Empire = 122
• Profiles and Projections: Global Disparities in Income and Wealth = 123
• Third World Diversity = 123
• LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES = 123
• OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES = 127
• NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES = 127
• Measuring Economic Development and Standards of Living = 129
• Impediments to Growth in a Typical Developing Country = 133
• Dominance and Dependence in International Economic Relations = 136
• LIBERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THEORY = 136
• DEPENDENCY THEORY = 136
• WORLD-SYSTEM THEORY = 138
• Beyond Dependence: The Foreign Policy Goals of Third World Nations = 140
• A New International Economic Order = 140
• Equal Rights = 141
• Political Autonomy = 142
• Nonalignment = 142
• Military Might = 144
• The End of Third Worldism? = 146
• Suggested Readings = 148
• CHAPTER 6 NONSTATE ACTORS IN WORLD POLITICS: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS, AND ETHNONATIONAL MOVEMENTS = 149
• International Organizations = 150
• The United Nations = 154
• FALSE START: THE UNITED NATIONS DURING THE COLD WAR = 155
• FRESH START: THE UNITED NATIONS AFTER THE COLD WAR = 157
• ORGANIZING THE UNITED NATIONS: SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE = 157
• THE UN'S SHIFTING PURPOSES AND PRIORITIES = 162
• The European Union = 163
• ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENTS AND DECISION-MAKING PROCEDURES = 164
• SUPRANATIONALISM OR POOLED SOVEREIGNTY? = 169
• EUROPE: AN ECONOMIC GIANT = 170
• EUROPE: A POLITICAL DWARF AND A MILITARY WORM? = 172
• Other Regional Organizations = 175
• Multinational Corporations = 176
• The Multinational Corporation's Global Reach and Economic Power = 177
• PATTERNS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT = 179
• Impact on Home and Host Nations = 184
• Politics and Multinational Corporations = 185
• Controlling Multinational Corporations = 188
• Ethnonational Movements = 189
• Nationalism and Nationality = 190
• THE FOURTH WORLD = 190
• ETHNONATIONAL CHALLENGERS TO THE STATE = 191
• Cultural Clash, National Disintegration, and Global Instability = 193
• ETHNOCENTRISM AND GLOBAL INSTABILITY = 194
• Nonstate Actors and the Transformation of World Politics = 195
• Suggested Readings = 196
• PART III PROMOTING THE GENERAL WELFARE = 197
• CHAPTER 7 THE INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY: THE RICH COUNTRIES' PURSUIT OF PROSPERITY = 199
• National Economies in the World Political Economy = 201
• Open versus Closed Economies = 202
• Realism, Relative Gains, and International Cooperation = 203
• Hegemony and Hegemonic Stability = 204
• HECEMON'S ROLES, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND BENEFITS = 204
• INTERNATIONAL STABILITY AND HEGEMONIC DECLINE = 206
• The Transformation of the International Monetary Regime = 208
• The U.S. Role in the Bretton Woods Regime = 209
• UNCHALLENGED HEGEMONY = 209
• HEGEMONY UNDER STRESS = 212
• HEGEMONY IN DECLINE = 214
• From Hegemony toward Multilateral Management = 215
• THE OPEC DECADE = 215
• THE AFTERMATH OF THE OPEC DECADE = 218
• MACROECONOMIC POLICY COORDINATION = 220
• TOWARD A REGIONALIZED MONETARY ARRANGEMENT = 222
• Trade Strategies in an Interdependent World = 223
• Free Trade and Protectionism = 224
• COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE = 224
• NEOMERCANTILISM = 225
• STRATEGIC TRADE = 232
• Free Trade and Hegemonic Decline = 234
• The Transformation of the International Trade Regime = 234
• Creating the Liberal Trade Regime: America's Leadership Role = 235
• THE U.S. ROLE IN THE BRETTON WOODS PERIOD = 235
• THE REGIME UNDER STRESS = 238
• Challenges to American Leadership and the Liberal Trade Regime = 238
• THE TOKYO ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS = 238
• THE URUGUAY ROUND OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS = 239
• From Multilateralism to Regionalism = 246
• The Turbulent 1990s: Triumph or Trouble? = 250
• Suggested Readings = 251
• CHAPTER 8 THE THIRD WORLD IN THE NEW GLOBAL MARKETPLACE: TRADE, AID, DEBT, AND DEVELOPMENT = 252
• The New Climate for Economic Development = 253
• The North-South Dialogue: A Historical Overview = 254
• The New International Economic Order = 254
• The Demise of the NIEO = 257
• The Political Economy of North-South Relations = 261
• The Shifting Composition of North-South Trade = 261
• A NEW INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR? = 263
• GROWTH STRATEGIES = 263
• PREFERENTIAL TRADE = 264
• Commodity Exports and the South's Adverse Terms of Trade = 265
• THE TERMS OF TRADE = 268
• PRICE STABILIZATION = 269
• Development Finance and Foreign Aid = 271
• THE FORM AND FUNCTION OF FOREIGN AID = 272
• THE VOLUME AND VALUE OF FOREIGN AID = 272
• CONDITIONALLY = 276
• Third World Dependence on First World Investment: Are Multinational Corporations Engines of Growth? = 278
• THE BENEFITS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS = 278
• THE COSTS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS = 279
• Money Matters: Third World Debt and the Management of Interdependence = 282
• Dealing with Third World Debt = 282
• AVERTING DISASTER = 283
• THE SEARCH FOR LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS = 285
• The Debt Burden: Retrospect and Prospect = 286
• North-South Relations at Century's End = 289
• Suggested Readings = 290
• CHAPTER 9 THE GLOBAL COMMONS: POPULATION PRESSURES AND THREATS TO THE ENVIRONMENT = 291
• Global Demographic Patterns and Trends = 294
• Factors Affecting Population Growth: National and Regional Variations = 297
• FERTILITY RATES = 298
• POPULATION MOMENTUM = 299
• THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY = 301
• Population Projections = 303
• UNCERTAIN DEATH RATES = 303
• UNCERTAIN BIRTHRATES = 304
• Global Patterns of Emigration and Immigration = 306
• CAUSES OF MIGRATION = 306
• CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION = 308
• Optimists, Pessimists, and Public Policy = 310
• Consequences of Demographic Changes = 311
• Demographic Changes and Diminished National Security? = 311
• Demographic Changes and Economic Underdevelopment? = 312
• THE THIRD WORLD = 313
• THE FIRST WORLD = 314
• Demographic Trends and Global Food Security = 315
• TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION = 316
• FOOD SECURITY = 317
• Demographic Growth and the Precarious Global Commons = 320
• Third World Ecological Dangers = 320
• First World Threats to Ecological Preservation = 321
• Military Might and Environmental Degradation = 322
• Global Warming = 322
• CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMWG = 324
• CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING = 325
• Toward a Managed Global Commons? Prospects for International Cooperation = 327
• Coping with Ozone Depletion = 328
• Coping with Global Warming = 330
• The Freedom of the Commons = 331
• Suggested Readings = 332
• CHAPTER 10 FUELING GROWTH: OIL, ENERGY, AND RESOURCE POWER = 333
• The Political Economy of Oil = 334
• Global Patterns of Energy Consumption = 334
• FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENCE = 336
• THE ROLE OF THE "MAJORS" = 338
• The Rise of OPEC = 339
• THE U.S. ROLE IN OPEC'S ASCENDANCE = 340
• OPEC'S DEMISE = 341
• OPEC RESURGENT? = 343
• Oil and National Security = 347
• Oil and the Persian Gulf War = 347
• Ensuring Energy Security = 349
• Alternative Energy Sources = 350
• COAL = 352
• NATURAL GAS = 352
• HYDROPOWER = 353
• NUCLEAR ENERGY = 353
• The (Dis)utility of Resource Power = 356
• Resource Dependence and Commodity Power = 357
• ECONOMIC FACTORS = 357
• POLITICAL FACTORS = 359
• Economic Sanctions as Instruments of Foreign Policy = 360
• Superpower Sanctions: Three Cases of U.S. Failure = 360
• CUBA = 361
• THE SOVIET UNION AND AFGHANISTAN = 361
• THE SOVIET UNION AND POLAND = 362
• Relatively Successful Sanctions: Two Controversial Examples = 362
• SOUTH AFRICA AND APARTHEID = 362
• IRAQ AND THE CRISIS OVER KUWAIT = 363
• Why Sanction? = 365
• Toward the Future = 367
• Suggested Readings = 368
• PART IV PROVIDING FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE = 369
• CHAPTER 11 THE MILITARY QUEST FOR NATIONAL SECURITY: ARMS AND THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF POWER = 371
• The Security Dilemma = 372
• Power in International Politics = 373
• The Elements of National Power = 374
• Inferring Power from Capabilities = 376
• The Changing Nature of World Power = 377
• The Quest for Military Ca^iUties = 379
• Trends in Military Spending = 379
• Changes in Military Capabilities = 380
• CHANGES IN THE ARMS TRADE = 380
• TRENDS IN WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY = 387
• The Proliferation Problem = 391
• NUCLEAR WEAPONS = 392
• NUCLEAR DISARMAMNT? = 395
• The Social and Economic Consequences of Military Sending = 396
• The Burden of Defense = 396
• Military Spending and Social Priorities = 397
• Military Spending and Economic Growth Rates = 401
• Strategic Doctrine: Planning for War, Deterrence, and Defense = 405
• Comparing Superpower Military Policies: A Case Study of Continuities and Changes = 405
• COERCIVE DIPLOMACY, 1945-1962 = 405
• MUTUAL DETERRENCE, 1962-1983 = 406
• FROM OFFENSS TO DEFENSE,1983-1993 = 409
• The Mid-1990s Shifting Strategic Situation = 410
• The Great Powers' Strategic Options: Competition or Cooperation? = 411
• The New Security Policies of the United States = 413
• Russian Strategy in the New World Order = 418
• China's Global Presence and Security Posture = 421
• Japan's Search for a Strategy = 422
• Germany's Strategic Vision = 423
• Other States, Other Security Concerns and Policies = 424
• Escaping the Security Dilemma? = 425
• Suggested Readings = 427
• CHAPTER 12 RESORT TO FORCE: ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN STATES AND WITHIN THEM = 428
• Wars between States: Continuities and Change = 429
• The Changing Character of Interstate War = 430
• The Destructiveness of War = 430
• Weapons and the Obsolescence of Great-Power War? = 432
• The Causes of War: Contending Perspectives = 435
• War and Human Nature = 435
• Internal Characteristics and War Involvement = 437
• DURATION OF INDEPENDENCE = 437
• CULTURAL DETERMINANTS AND THE DECAY OF MORAL CONSTRAINTS = 438
• NATIONAL POVERTY = 439
• POWER TRANSITIONS = 439
• MILITARIZATION = 440
• ECONOMIC SYSTEM = 441
• TYPE OF GOVERNMENT = 442
• NATIONALISM = 445
• System Dynamics: Cycles of War and Peace = 446
• DOES VIOLENCE BREED VIOLENCE? = 447
• CYCLICAL THEORIES = 447
• Armed Force Short of War = 450
• Coercive Diplomacy and International Crises = 450
• Military Intervention = 452
• Low-Intensity Conflict = 454
• War within Stales = 455
• Civil Wars = 455
• CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR = 457
• CIVIL STRIFE AND EXTERNAL AGGRESSION = 459
• THE INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF WAR WITHIN STATES = 460
• Terrorism = 462
• The Human Tragedy of Violent Conflict = 464
• Suggested Readings = 466
• CHAPTER 13 MILITARY PATHS TO PEACE: ALLIANCES, THE BALANCE OF POWER, AND ARMS CONTROL = 468
• Alliances = 468
• Alliances in World Politics: Rival Theories = 469
• THE ADVANTAGES OF ALLIANCE = 469
• THE DISADVANTAGES OF ALLIANCE = 470
• THE DANGERS OF ALLIANCE = 470
• ALLIANCES IN THE REALIST AND IDEALIST IMAGES = 471
• The Balance of Power = 472
• Assumptions of Balance-of-Power Theory = 472
• THE BALANCE PROCESS = 473
• THE BREAKDOWN OF POWER BALANCES = 474
• Collective Security versus Power Balances = 476
• ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING COLLECTIVE SECURITY = 477
• THE REVIVAL OF BALANCE-OF-POWER POLITICS = 478
• Post-World War II Models of the Balance of Power = 478
• UNIPOLARITY = 478
• BIPOLARITY = 479
• BIPOLYCENTRISM = 479
• MULTIPOLARITY = 484
• Polarity and Peace? = 485
• UNIPOLARITY AND PEACE = 485
• BIPOLARITY AND PEACE = 486
• MULTIPOLARITy AND PEACE = 486
• Contemplating a Multipolar Future = 487
• Disarmament and Arms Control = 488
• Controlling Weapons: Rationales and Approaches = 488
• Multilateral Diplomacy: The Disarmament and Arms Control Record = 490
• Bilateral Diplomacy and the Control of Nuclear Arms: Superpower Agreements = 496
• SALT = 496
• START = 498
• THE POST-COLD WAR DISARMAMENT RACE = 499
• The Problematic Future of Arms Control = 502
• Arms and the Search for Peace = 505
• Suggested Readings = 506
• CHAPTER 14 POLITICAL PATHS TO PEACE: INTERNATIONAL LAW, ORGANIZATION, AND INTEGRATION = 507
• International Law and World Order = 507
• Law at the International Level: Concepts and Principles = 508
• PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW = 508
• PROCEDURES FOR DISPUTE SETTLEMENT = 510
• The Structural Limitations of the International Legal System = 510
• The Relevance of International Law = 512
• The Legal Control of Warfare = 515
• THE JUST WAR DOCTRINE = 515
• THE EVOLVING LAWS OF WARFARE = 516
• LAW'S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE = 520
• International Organization and World Order = 522
• The United Nations and the Preservation of Peace = 522
• COLLECTIVE SECURITY = 522
• FROM COLLECTIVE SECURITY TO PEACEKEEPING = 523
• THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL = 528
• COLD WAR OBSTACLES TO CONFLICT PREVENTION = 530
• THE UN'S BLUE HELMETS AND MULTILATERAL PEACEMAKING = 531
• Regional Security Organizations and Conflict Management = 536
• Political Integration: The Functional and Neofunctional Paths to Peace = 538
• World Federalism = 538
• Functionalism = 539
• Neofunctionalism = 540
• THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE = 541
• THE PRECONDITIONS FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION = 544
• Political Disintegration = 545
• Multilateral Institutions and World Order = 546
• Suggested Readings = 548
• PART V TOWARD THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY = 549
• CHAPTER 15 THE GLOBAL PREDICAMENT: FIFTEEN QUESTIONS FOR THE DAWN OF THE MILLENNIUM = 551
• 1. Are Nation-States Obsolete? = 551
• 2. Is Interdependence a Cure or a Curse? = 552
• 3. What Is the "National Interest"? = 553
• 4. Is Technological Innovation a Blessing or a Burden? = 554
• 5. Of What Value Is Military Power? = 554
• 6. Will Geo-economics Supercede Geopolitics? = 555
• 7. Is War Obsolete? = 556
• 8. Can Cultural Conflict Be Controlled? = 556
• 9. The End of Empire? = 557
• 10. What Price Preeminence? = 558
• 11. Is "Realism" Still Realistic and Relevant? = 559
• 12. Is the World Preparing for the Wrong War? = 560
• 13. What Is Human Well-Being in an Ecologically Fragile Planet? = 561
• 14. The End of History? = 562
• 15. A Reordered Global Agenda? = 563
• A New World Order? = 563
• Suggested Readings = 564
• REFERENCES = 566
• GLOSSARY = 597
• AUTHOR INDEX = 613
• SUBJECT INDEX = 623