牛肉需給의 現況과 肥肉農家의 經營實態에 關한 調査硏究 = A Analysis on Supply and Demand of Beef and Survey on Korean Cattle Feeding Situation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

1. The recent increase of the GNP for the Korean has led to the necessity of the increased beef production. But the Korean cattle hate been decreasing in number since 1963, due to the lack of farm labor and the modernization farming.
2. Comparing with the per capita consumption of livestock products in 1962 meats increased by 250 percent, milk by 5,545 percent, and eggs by 274 percent respectively in 1976 and in the case of the total consumption of livestock products in the same period meats increased by 352 percent, milk by 7,517 percent, and eggs by 783 percent respectively. Seeing by meants beef increased by 453 percent, pork by 295 percent, and chicken meat by 380 percent. The meats showed the highest total consumption.
3. According to the results of the long run demand prediction the total consumption will increase form 76, 384 M/T in 1976 to 116,211 M/T in 1981, which accounts for 152 percent increase. The annual average increasing rate was 10.4 percent. Per capita consumption increased from 2.13 kg to 3.00 kg which accounts for 140 percent rise. Thus, the annual average increased rate represented 8.0 percent.
4. The cattle numbers necessary for meeting the demand for meat until 1981 should be 1,813,900 heads which accounts for 115.7 percent increase, beef cattle 23,350 increased by 190.9 percent, milk cowl 221,700 heads increased by 268.4 percent than those of 1976. Thus, the annual average increasing rate are 3.1 percent for the Korean cattle, 18.3 percent for the beef castle, and 13.0 percent for the milk cows respectively.
5. The number of tractors was 122,000 in 1976. If the expected number increase to 425,000 by 1981. 500 thousand cattle will be enough to meet necessary labor from draft cattle. Cousequently the number of the Korean cattle will be significantly declined unless the profitability of the Korean cattle feeding is not garanteed.
6. The price elasticity of beef was 1.8 for rural communities and 1.4 for urban communities. The average of both conies to 0.81. The income elasticity of beef was 0.94 for rural communities and 1.55 for urban communities.
7. The price elasticies of rural communities and urban communities on beef demend were 1.8 and 1.4 respectively. This indicates that the price elasticity of rural communities is higher than that of urban communities by 0.4. The income elasticities of both were 0.94 and 1.55 respectively.
8. The Korean cattle fattening enterprise is being operated in a small scale. The pursuit of short period fattening effect made the reliance on concentrates significant, and involved a structural weakness which is impeding a feeding system such as calf production cattle rearing-cattle fattening. This is because farmers avoid producing calves due to its low productivity.
9. Owing to the price of Korean cattle cause by the drastic increase in demand for beef, the spread of farm machinery, and financial aids of the government, fattening cattle feeding is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising branch of livestock industry over the country. The production structure of the Korean cattle of which its past herd size was one head per farm houshold has been gradually converting to multi-heads feeding type with its purpose of beef production.
10. Under the circumstance of feeding the Korean cattle mainly for farm service the raising size is, in principles determined by the range of being necessity for a family farm. The purpose of fattening is transiting the Korean cattle feeding to fat cattle feeding, which is to fatten cattle at 18 months of age for over 3 months, and cattle rearing which is to feed weaned cattle for 1-13 months.
11. One head per farm household feeding type has become a norm under the circumstance of raising the Korean cattle only for farm drafting, and in the case of fattening cattle feeding, side enterprising farms have more or less 10 heads and commercialized farms 20-50 heads owing to the financial aids of the government.
12. Farms conducting a short period fattening are dominant. For a short period of fattening feeder cattle are intensively feeding on a concentrate ration. As for cattle rearing farmer purchases calves and fatten until they gain 350-400 kg live-weight.
13. The cattle is reasonably fed according to their age and physical condition on a concentrate ratio, produced to be used for fattening by Agricultural Cooperative, with roughages such as straws, natural glasses, and agricultural by-products. In the case of roughage part of commercial farms in large scale are facilitated with silos for preservation and storation of green crops produced on their pasture land to provide their cattle with silage during the winter.
14. Farmers cover cattle stalls with vynyle to protect their cattle against cold and wind, make many windows for well ventilation, install a mosquito net to protect against insects, and dress their cattle 1-2 times a day.
15. There are almost no farms having facilities for the protection of epidemics and almost no medicines are given to the cattle except digestives and round warm pills. Whereas the ill cattle are replaced with ethers, there are a few cases treated by a veterinarian.
16. Korean cattle fattening is dominent in the farms of Kangwon, Chonnam, and Chung-puk provinces where natural grasses are abundant, than plain provinces where green feeds should be produced by rotating a paddy land.
17. The survey was designed to present some production costs and returns information for beef cattle production based on the survey.
18. Average size of feedlots included in thin study was 13.6 head, which is elevent times greater than the national average of 1.2 head per farm. There were no feedlots specialized in fattening Korean cattle. All of the sampled farms were organized with two or more enterprises including other livestock enterprises, crop enterprises, orchard, sericulture, and other enterprises besides cattle fattening enterprise. But the cattle fattening enterprises was one of the major agricultural enterprises on sampled farms. In 1976, cattle ranked frost or second as a source of gross value of farm products or marketings on most of the sampled farm. On the average, the gross receipts of cattle fattening was more than 3.5 million won per farm or 56.4 percent of the annual gross value of farm marketings .
19. The hours of labor used per head during 270 days of fattening period was significantly dereased as the size of herd increases. The hours of labor per head for the size of 31 head or more were 220.7 hours which was less than half of the labor required for the herd size less than 5 head or 518.5 hours per head.
20. The amount of feed used per 100 kg of live weight gain from fattening Korean cattle was presented in this report. On the average, 4.12 kg of mixed ration,137 kg of grains, 148 kg of brans, 531 kg of hays and straws and 431 kg of native grasses, silage, and other succulants were consumed to get 100 kg of weight gain.
21. According to the information obtained from 551 heads of fattened cattle to be available for initial weight and the finished weight. There was little difference in the average daily gains for the different intervals of fattening periods and for the different initial weight groups of feeder cattle.
22. Total annual operational cost per fattening cattle based on 270-day-fattening-period (excluding the purchasing costs of feeder cattle) amounted to 189 thousand won of which 140 thousand won were feed costs. Returns above operational costs averaged about 70 thousand won per cattle. Total cost including operational costs, wages for familly labor used, interests on owned capital, and estimated rents on owned land was amounted to 268 thousand won per cattle in average. This total cost was greater than the gross returns per cattle or 11 thousand won per head.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.序 論
• 1.問題의 提起
• 2.硏究 目的
• 3.調査方法
• Ⅱ.畜産物의 生産 消費 流通構造의 變遷
• 1.畜産物의 生産量과 生産構造의 變動
• 2.畜産物와 消費豊과 消費構造의 變動
• 3.畜産物의 流通豊과 流通構造의 變動
• Ⅲ.牛肉의 需給動向
• 1.需要豊의 動向
• 2.供給量의 動向
• Ⅳ.謂査農家의 經營實態
• 1.調査農家의 槪況
• 2.調査農家의 經營規模
• 3.勞動利用 狀況
• 4.資本利用 狀況
• 5.飼料利用 狀況
• 6.增體量
• Ⅴ.調査農家의 韓牛肥肉經營成果
• 1.全體牛肉 增體量
• 2.韓牛體育 粗收入
• 3.經營費 및 生産費
• 4.所得 및 純收入
• 5.自家勞動 및 自已資本報酬
• Ⅵ.結論 및 建議