학교선택제도 : 협약학교가 미국의 교육제도에 미친 영향 = School Choice in American Education: The Effect of Charter Schools on the Educational System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Charter schools have played a prominent part in education reform, but the debate surrounding charter schools them has been unending since their conception. Since NCLB was signed, charter schools have been newly noticed with educational reform movements increasing parental educational choices. This article examines if charter schools improve education in the current organizational, economical, social and political context. The article discusses the charter school movement's background that led the charter school revolution, how charter schools were put into legislation in a system, and the hopes and expectations placed upon charter schools. In the conclusion, the author proposes suggestions for policymakers seeking to enhance education through charter school legislation.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

협약학교(charter schools)는 교육혁신을 이끌고 다양화를 통해 학부모와 학생들에게 교육 선택권을 제공할 수 있다는 기대감으로 인해 미국 공교육 부분에서 급속하게 팽창해 왔다. 특히, 협약학교는 2002년 아동낙오방지법(NCLB: No Child Left Behind)이 시행된 이후 교육혁신을 위한 대안으로 최근에 다시금 세간의 주목을 받고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 협약학교가 미국의 학교교육 개선 과정에 미친 영향과 이를 둘러싼 논쟁을 분석함으로써 협약학교제도의 발전방안을 모색하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 단일한 스펙트럼에 의지하기보다 조직론적, 경제적, 사회적, 정치적 관점을 적용한 다면적 분석틀에 입각하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구를 통해 교육소비자의 학교선택과 학교 간 경쟁을 통한 교육발전을 이끌기 위해 협약학교의 자율성이 더욱 제고될 필요성이 있음이 밝혀졌으며, 소수민족과 저소득층의 교육 불평등을 해소할 수 있는 지원방안이 적절히 이루어지지 않고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 협약학교 정책이 공정하게 이루어지기 위해서는 특정 이익집단으로부터의 독립성을 확보하고, 정책의 입안과 실행의 전 과정에 걸쳐 정치적 영향력을 체계적으로 분석하여 이를 대중에게 공표할 필요성이 있음이 밝혀졌다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. Background of the Charter School Movement
• Ⅲ. Organizational Design Context of Charter School Reform
• Ⅳ. Economic Justification for Charter Schools
• Ⅴ. Social and Political Context of Charter Schools
• Ⅵ. Conclusion and Policy Implications

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